[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2015},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2008,"extension":2009,"meta":2010,"navigation":134,"path":2011,"seo":2012,"stem":2013,"__hash__":2014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1965},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,25,177,183,234,241,245,266,270,273,276,290,304,308,311,346,351,372,375,380,383,446,450,476,487,493,499,502,518,522,572,576,601,608,612,659,663,684,688,724,728,773,776,780,785,825,829,858,865,872,912,916,941,946,950,953,956,1034,1038,1075,1078,1082,1089,1092,1104,1157,1163,1170,1198,1201,1229,1232,1265,1268,1272,1276,1315,1319,1387,1390,1423,1427,1452,1456,1459,1466,1469,1498,1501,1520,1525,1529,1532,1575,1578,1582,1585,1588,1619,1622,1626,1629,1644,1649,1653,1656,1750,1754,1757,1848,1851,1869,1873,1877,1887,1891,1899,1903,1906,1910,1913,1917,1920,1924,1958,1961],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,15,16],"p",{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,18,19],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[21,22,24],"h2",{"id":23},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[26,27,32],"pre",{"className":28,"code":29,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n","python","",[33,34,35,70,116,129,136,153,165],"code",{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37,40,44,48,52,56,59,62,64,67],"span",{"class":38,"line":39},"line",1,[36,41,43],{"class":42},"su5hD","numbers ",[36,45,47],{"class":46},"smGrS","=",[36,49,51],{"class":50},"sP7_E"," {",[36,53,55],{"class":54},"srdBf","1",[36,57,58],{"class":50},",",[36,60,61],{"class":54}," 2",[36,63,58],{"class":50},[36,65,66],{"class":54}," 3",[36,68,69],{"class":50},"}\n",[36,71,73,76,78,82,85,89,93,95,97,100,103,105,107,109,111,113],{"class":38,"line":72},2,[36,74,75],{"class":42},"words ",[36,77,47],{"class":46},[36,79,81],{"class":80},"sZMiF"," set",[36,83,84],{"class":50},"([",[36,86,88],{"class":87},"sjJ54","\"",[36,90,92],{"class":91},"s_sjI","apple",[36,94,88],{"class":87},[36,96,58],{"class":50},[36,98,99],{"class":87}," \"",[36,101,102],{"class":91},"banana",[36,104,88],{"class":87},[36,106,58],{"class":50},[36,108,99],{"class":87},[36,110,92],{"class":91},[36,112,88],{"class":87},[36,114,115],{"class":50},"])\n",[36,117,119,122,124,126],{"class":38,"line":118},3,[36,120,121],{"class":42},"empty_set ",[36,123,47],{"class":46},[36,125,81],{"class":80},[36,127,128],{"class":50},"()\n",[36,130,132],{"class":38,"line":131},4,[36,133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},true,"\n",[36,137,139,143,146,150],{"class":38,"line":138},5,[36,140,142],{"class":141},"sptTA","print",[36,144,145],{"class":50},"(",[36,147,149],{"class":148},"slqww","numbers",[36,151,152],{"class":50},")\n",[36,154,156,158,160,163],{"class":38,"line":155},6,[36,157,142],{"class":141},[36,159,145],{"class":50},[36,161,162],{"class":148},"words",[36,164,152],{"class":50},[36,166,168,170,172,175],{"class":38,"line":167},7,[36,169,142],{"class":141},[36,171,145],{"class":50},[36,173,174],{"class":148},"empty_set",[36,176,152],{"class":50},[14,178,179],{},[180,181,182],"strong",{},"Output:",[26,184,186],{"className":28,"code":185,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[33,187,188,205,227],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,189,190,193,195,197,199,201,203],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,191,192],{"class":50},"{",[36,194,55],{"class":54},[36,196,58],{"class":50},[36,198,61],{"class":54},[36,200,58],{"class":50},[36,202,66],{"class":54},[36,204,69],{"class":50},[36,206,207,209,212,214,216,218,221,223,225],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,208,192],{"class":50},[36,210,211],{"class":87},"'",[36,213,102],{"class":91},[36,215,211],{"class":87},[36,217,58],{"class":50},[36,219,220],{"class":87}," '",[36,222,92],{"class":91},[36,224,211],{"class":87},[36,226,69],{"class":50},[36,228,229,232],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,230,231],{"class":80},"set",[36,233,128],{"class":50},[14,235,236,237,240],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[33,238,239],{},"set()"," for an empty set.",[21,242,244],{"id":243},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[246,247,248,252,257,260,263],"ul",{},[249,250,251],"li",{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[249,253,254,255],{},"How to create a set with ",[33,256,239],{},[249,258,259],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[249,261,262],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[249,264,265],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[21,267,269],{"id":268},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,271,272],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,274,275],{},"Important things to know:",[246,277,278,281,284,287],{},[249,279,280],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[249,282,283],{},"Sets are unordered",[249,285,286],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[249,288,289],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,291,292,293,298,299,303],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[294,295,297],"a",{"href":296},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F","Python sets explained"," or ",[294,300,302],{"href":301},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",".",[21,305,307],{"id":306},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,309,310],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[26,312,314],{"className":28,"code":313,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,315,316,336],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,317,318,320,322,324,326,328,330,332,334],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,319,43],{"class":42},[36,321,47],{"class":46},[36,323,51],{"class":50},[36,325,55],{"class":54},[36,327,58],{"class":50},[36,329,61],{"class":54},[36,331,58],{"class":50},[36,333,66],{"class":54},[36,335,69],{"class":50},[36,337,338,340,342,344],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,339,142],{"class":141},[36,341,145],{"class":50},[36,343,149],{"class":148},[36,345,152],{"class":50},[14,347,348],{},[180,349,350],{},"Possible output:",[26,352,354],{"className":28,"code":353,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[33,355,356],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,357,358,360,362,364,366,368,370],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,359,192],{"class":50},[36,361,55],{"class":54},[36,363,58],{"class":50},[36,365,61],{"class":54},[36,367,58],{"class":50},[36,369,66],{"class":54},[36,371,69],{"class":50},[14,373,374],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[376,377,379],"h3",{"id":378},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,381,382],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[26,384,386],{"className":28,"code":385,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[33,387,388,420,430],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,389,390,392,394,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,391,43],{"class":42},[36,393,47],{"class":46},[36,395,51],{"class":50},[36,397,55],{"class":54},[36,399,58],{"class":50},[36,401,61],{"class":54},[36,403,58],{"class":50},[36,405,61],{"class":54},[36,407,58],{"class":50},[36,409,66],{"class":54},[36,411,58],{"class":50},[36,413,66],{"class":54},[36,415,58],{"class":50},[36,417,66],{"class":54},[36,419,69],{"class":50},[36,421,422,424,426,428],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,423,142],{"class":141},[36,425,145],{"class":50},[36,427,149],{"class":148},[36,429,152],{"class":50},[36,431,432,434,436,439,441,443],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,433,142],{"class":141},[36,435,145],{"class":50},[36,437,438],{"class":141},"len",[36,440,145],{"class":50},[36,442,149],{"class":148},[36,444,445],{"class":50},"))\n",[14,447,448],{},[180,449,350],{},[26,451,453],{"className":28,"code":452,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[33,454,455,471],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,456,457,459,461,463,465,467,469],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,458,192],{"class":50},[36,460,55],{"class":54},[36,462,58],{"class":50},[36,464,61],{"class":54},[36,466,58],{"class":50},[36,468,66],{"class":54},[36,470,69],{"class":50},[36,472,473],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,474,475],{"class":54},"3\n",[14,477,478,479,482,483,486],{},"Even though ",[33,480,481],{},"2"," and ",[33,484,485],{},"3"," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[21,488,490,491],{"id":489},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[33,492,239],{},[14,494,495,496,498],{},"Use ",[33,497,239],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,500,501],{},"Common inputs include:",[246,503,504,507,510,513],{},[249,505,506],{},"Lists",[249,508,509],{},"Tuples",[249,511,512],{},"Strings",[249,514,515],{},[33,516,517],{},"range()",[376,519,521],{"id":520},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[26,523,525],{"className":28,"code":524,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,526,527,562],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,528,529,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,553,555,557,560],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,530,43],{"class":42},[36,532,47],{"class":46},[36,534,81],{"class":80},[36,536,84],{"class":50},[36,538,55],{"class":54},[36,540,58],{"class":50},[36,542,61],{"class":54},[36,544,58],{"class":50},[36,546,61],{"class":54},[36,548,58],{"class":50},[36,550,66],{"class":54},[36,552,58],{"class":50},[36,554,66],{"class":54},[36,556,58],{"class":50},[36,558,559],{"class":54}," 4",[36,561,115],{"class":50},[36,563,564,566,568,570],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,565,142],{"class":141},[36,567,145],{"class":50},[36,569,149],{"class":148},[36,571,152],{"class":50},[14,573,574],{},[180,575,350],{},[26,577,579],{"className":28,"code":578,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[33,580,581],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,582,583,585,587,589,591,593,595,597,599],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,584,192],{"class":50},[36,586,55],{"class":54},[36,588,58],{"class":50},[36,590,61],{"class":54},[36,592,58],{"class":50},[36,594,66],{"class":54},[36,596,58],{"class":50},[36,598,559],{"class":54},[36,600,69],{"class":50},[14,602,603,604,303],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[294,605,607],{"href":606},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[376,609,611],{"id":610},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[26,613,615],{"className":28,"code":614,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[33,616,617,648],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,618,619,622,624,626,629,632,634,637,639,641,643,646],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,620,621],{"class":42},"values ",[36,623,47],{"class":46},[36,625,81],{"class":80},[36,627,628],{"class":50},"((",[36,630,631],{"class":54},"10",[36,633,58],{"class":50},[36,635,636],{"class":54}," 20",[36,638,58],{"class":50},[36,640,636],{"class":54},[36,642,58],{"class":50},[36,644,645],{"class":54}," 30",[36,647,445],{"class":50},[36,649,650,652,654,657],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,651,142],{"class":141},[36,653,145],{"class":50},[36,655,656],{"class":148},"values",[36,658,152],{"class":50},[14,660,661],{},[180,662,350],{},[26,664,666],{"className":28,"code":665,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[33,667,668],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,669,670,672,674,676,678,680,682],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,671,192],{"class":50},[36,673,631],{"class":54},[36,675,58],{"class":50},[36,677,636],{"class":54},[36,679,58],{"class":50},[36,681,645],{"class":54},[36,683,69],{"class":50},[376,685,687],{"id":686},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[26,689,691],{"className":28,"code":690,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,692,693,713],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,694,695,698,700,702,704,706,709,711],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,696,697],{"class":42},"letters ",[36,699,47],{"class":46},[36,701,81],{"class":80},[36,703,145],{"class":50},[36,705,88],{"class":87},[36,707,708],{"class":91},"hello",[36,710,88],{"class":87},[36,712,152],{"class":50},[36,714,715,717,719,722],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,716,142],{"class":141},[36,718,145],{"class":50},[36,720,721],{"class":148},"letters",[36,723,152],{"class":50},[14,725,726],{},[180,727,350],{},[26,729,731],{"className":28,"code":730,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[33,732,733],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,734,735,737,739,742,744,746,748,751,753,755,757,760,762,764,766,769,771],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,736,192],{"class":50},[36,738,211],{"class":87},[36,740,741],{"class":91},"h",[36,743,211],{"class":87},[36,745,58],{"class":50},[36,747,220],{"class":87},[36,749,750],{"class":91},"e",[36,752,211],{"class":87},[36,754,58],{"class":50},[36,756,220],{"class":87},[36,758,759],{"class":91},"l",[36,761,211],{"class":87},[36,763,58],{"class":50},[36,765,220],{"class":87},[36,767,768],{"class":91},"o",[36,770,211],{"class":87},[36,772,69],{"class":50},[14,774,775],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[21,777,779],{"id":778},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,781,782,783,303],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[33,784,239],{},[26,786,788],{"className":28,"code":787,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[33,789,790,800,810],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,791,792,794,796,798],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,793,121],{"class":42},[36,795,47],{"class":46},[36,797,81],{"class":80},[36,799,128],{"class":50},[36,801,802,804,806,808],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,803,142],{"class":141},[36,805,145],{"class":50},[36,807,174],{"class":148},[36,809,152],{"class":50},[36,811,812,814,816,819,821,823],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,813,142],{"class":141},[36,815,145],{"class":50},[36,817,818],{"class":80},"type",[36,820,145],{"class":50},[36,822,174],{"class":148},[36,824,445],{"class":50},[14,826,827],{},[180,828,182],{},[26,830,832],{"className":28,"code":831,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[33,833,834,840],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,835,836,838],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,837,231],{"class":80},[36,839,128],{"class":50},[36,841,842,845,849,851,853,855],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,843,844],{"class":46},"\u003C",[36,846,848],{"class":847},"sbsja","class",[36,850,220],{"class":87},[36,852,231],{"class":91},[36,854,211],{"class":87},[36,856,857],{"class":46},">\n",[376,859,861,862],{"id":860},"do-not-use","Do not use ",[33,863,864],{},"{}",[14,866,867,868,871],{},"Empty braces do ",[180,869,870],{},"not"," create a set.",[26,873,875],{"className":28,"code":874,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[33,876,877,887,898],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,878,879,882,884],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,880,881],{"class":42},"empty_value ",[36,883,47],{"class":46},[36,885,886],{"class":50}," {}\n",[36,888,889,891,893,896],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,890,142],{"class":141},[36,892,145],{"class":50},[36,894,895],{"class":148},"empty_value",[36,897,152],{"class":50},[36,899,900,902,904,906,908,910],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,901,142],{"class":141},[36,903,145],{"class":50},[36,905,818],{"class":80},[36,907,145],{"class":50},[36,909,895],{"class":148},[36,911,445],{"class":50},[14,913,914],{},[180,915,182],{},[26,917,919],{"className":28,"code":918,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[33,920,921,926],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,922,923],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,924,925],{"class":50},"{}\n",[36,927,928,930,932,934,937,939],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,929,844],{"class":46},[36,931,848],{"class":847},[36,933,220],{"class":87},[36,935,936],{"class":91},"dict",[36,938,211],{"class":87},[36,940,857],{"class":46},[14,942,943,945],{},[33,944,864],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[21,947,949],{"id":948},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,951,952],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,954,955],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[26,957,959],{"className":28,"code":958,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[33,960,961,1010,1020],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,962,963,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1006,1008],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,964,75],{"class":42},[36,966,47],{"class":46},[36,968,51],{"class":50},[36,970,88],{"class":87},[36,972,92],{"class":91},[36,974,88],{"class":87},[36,976,58],{"class":50},[36,978,99],{"class":87},[36,980,102],{"class":91},[36,982,88],{"class":87},[36,984,58],{"class":50},[36,986,99],{"class":87},[36,988,92],{"class":91},[36,990,88],{"class":87},[36,992,58],{"class":50},[36,994,99],{"class":87},[36,996,92],{"class":91},[36,998,88],{"class":87},[36,1000,58],{"class":50},[36,1002,99],{"class":87},[36,1004,1005],{"class":91},"orange",[36,1007,88],{"class":87},[36,1009,69],{"class":50},[36,1011,1012,1014,1016,1018],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1013,142],{"class":141},[36,1015,145],{"class":50},[36,1017,162],{"class":148},[36,1019,152],{"class":50},[36,1021,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1023,142],{"class":141},[36,1025,145],{"class":50},[36,1027,438],{"class":141},[36,1029,145],{"class":50},[36,1031,162],{"class":148},[36,1033,445],{"class":50},[14,1035,1036],{},[180,1037,350],{},[26,1039,1041],{"className":28,"code":1040,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[33,1042,1043,1071],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1044,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1046,192],{"class":50},[36,1048,211],{"class":87},[36,1050,102],{"class":91},[36,1052,211],{"class":87},[36,1054,58],{"class":50},[36,1056,220],{"class":87},[36,1058,1005],{"class":91},[36,1060,211],{"class":87},[36,1062,58],{"class":50},[36,1064,220],{"class":87},[36,1066,92],{"class":91},[36,1068,211],{"class":87},[36,1070,69],{"class":50},[36,1072,1073],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1074,475],{"class":54},[14,1076,1077],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[21,1079,1081],{"id":1080},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,1083,1084,1085,1088],{},"Set items must be ",[180,1086,1087],{},"hashable",". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,1090,1091],{},"These usually work:",[246,1093,1094,1097,1099,1101],{},[249,1095,1096],{},"Numbers",[249,1098,512],{},[249,1100,509],{},[249,1102,1103],{},"Booleans",[26,1105,1107],{"className":28,"code":1106,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[33,1108,1109,1147],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1110,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1132,1134,1136,1138,1141,1145],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1112,621],{"class":42},[36,1114,47],{"class":46},[36,1116,51],{"class":50},[36,1118,55],{"class":54},[36,1120,58],{"class":50},[36,1122,99],{"class":87},[36,1124,92],{"class":91},[36,1126,88],{"class":87},[36,1128,58],{"class":50},[36,1130,1131],{"class":50}," (",[36,1133,631],{"class":54},[36,1135,58],{"class":50},[36,1137,636],{"class":54},[36,1139,1140],{"class":50},"),",[36,1142,1144],{"class":1143},"s39Yj"," True",[36,1146,69],{"class":50},[36,1148,1149,1151,1153,1155],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1150,142],{"class":141},[36,1152,145],{"class":50},[36,1154,656],{"class":148},[36,1156,152],{"class":50},[14,1158,1159,1160,1162],{},"These do ",[180,1161,870],{}," work directly:",[246,1164,1165,1167],{},[249,1166,506],{},[249,1168,1169],{},"Dictionaries",[26,1171,1173],{"className":28,"code":1172,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[33,1174,1175],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1176,1177,1180,1182,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1178,1179],{"class":42},"bad_set ",[36,1181,47],{"class":46},[36,1183,1184],{"class":50}," {[",[36,1186,55],{"class":54},[36,1188,58],{"class":50},[36,1190,61],{"class":54},[36,1192,58],{"class":50},[36,1194,66],{"class":54},[36,1196,1197],{"class":50},"]}\n",[14,1199,1200],{},"This raises an error:",[26,1202,1204],{"className":28,"code":1203,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[33,1205,1206],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1207,1208,1211,1214,1217,1219,1221,1223,1226],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1209,1210],{"class":80},"TypeError",[36,1212,1213],{"class":50},":",[36,1215,1216],{"class":42}," unhashable ",[36,1218,818],{"class":80},[36,1220,1213],{"class":50},[36,1222,220],{"class":87},[36,1224,1225],{"class":91},"list",[36,1227,1228],{"class":87},"'\n",[14,1230,1231],{},"Another example:",[26,1233,1235],{"className":28,"code":1234,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[33,1236,1237],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1238,1239,1241,1243,1246,1248,1251,1253,1255,1257,1260,1262],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1240,1179],{"class":42},[36,1242,47],{"class":46},[36,1244,1245],{"class":50}," {{",[36,1247,88],{"class":87},[36,1249,1250],{"class":91},"name",[36,1252,88],{"class":87},[36,1254,1213],{"class":50},[36,1256,99],{"class":87},[36,1258,1259],{"class":91},"Sam",[36,1261,88],{"class":87},[36,1263,1264],{"class":50},"}}\n",[14,1266,1267],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[21,1269,1271],{"id":1270},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[376,1273,1275],{"id":1274},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[26,1277,1279],{"className":28,"code":1278,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,1280,1281,1305],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1282,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1284,43],{"class":42},[36,1286,47],{"class":46},[36,1288,51],{"class":50},[36,1290,55],{"class":54},[36,1292,58],{"class":50},[36,1294,61],{"class":54},[36,1296,58],{"class":50},[36,1298,66],{"class":54},[36,1300,58],{"class":50},[36,1302,559],{"class":54},[36,1304,69],{"class":50},[36,1306,1307,1309,1311,1313],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1308,142],{"class":141},[36,1310,145],{"class":50},[36,1312,149],{"class":148},[36,1314,152],{"class":50},[376,1316,1318],{"id":1317},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[26,1320,1322],{"className":28,"code":1321,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[33,1323,1324,1356,1372,1376],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1325,1326,1329,1331,1334,1336,1338,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1327,1328],{"class":42},"items ",[36,1330,47],{"class":46},[36,1332,1333],{"class":50}," [",[36,1335,55],{"class":54},[36,1337,58],{"class":50},[36,1339,1340],{"class":54}," 1",[36,1342,58],{"class":50},[36,1344,61],{"class":54},[36,1346,58],{"class":50},[36,1348,66],{"class":54},[36,1350,58],{"class":50},[36,1352,66],{"class":54},[36,1354,1355],{"class":50},"]\n",[36,1357,1358,1361,1363,1365,1367,1370],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1359,1360],{"class":42},"unique_items ",[36,1362,47],{"class":46},[36,1364,81],{"class":80},[36,1366,145],{"class":50},[36,1368,1369],{"class":148},"items",[36,1371,152],{"class":50},[36,1373,1374],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1375,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,1377,1378,1380,1382,1385],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,1379,142],{"class":141},[36,1381,145],{"class":50},[36,1383,1384],{"class":148},"unique_items",[36,1386,152],{"class":50},[376,1388,687],{"id":1389},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[26,1391,1393],{"className":28,"code":1392,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[33,1394,1395,1413],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1396,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1398,697],{"class":42},[36,1400,47],{"class":46},[36,1402,81],{"class":80},[36,1404,145],{"class":50},[36,1406,88],{"class":87},[36,1408,102],{"class":91},[36,1410,88],{"class":87},[36,1412,152],{"class":50},[36,1414,1415,1417,1419,1421],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1416,142],{"class":141},[36,1418,145],{"class":50},[36,1420,721],{"class":148},[36,1422,152],{"class":50},[376,1424,1426],{"id":1425},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[26,1428,1430],{"className":28,"code":1429,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[33,1431,1432,1442],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1433,1434,1436,1438,1440],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1435,121],{"class":42},[36,1437,47],{"class":46},[36,1439,81],{"class":80},[36,1441,128],{"class":50},[36,1443,1444,1446,1448,1450],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1445,142],{"class":141},[36,1447,145],{"class":50},[36,1449,174],{"class":148},[36,1451,152],{"class":50},[21,1453,1455],{"id":1454},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1457,1458],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[376,1460,1462,1463,1465],{"id":1461},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set","Using ",[33,1464,864],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,1467,1468],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[26,1470,1472],{"className":28,"code":1471,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[33,1473,1474,1483],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1475,1476,1479,1481],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1477,1478],{"class":42},"value ",[36,1480,47],{"class":46},[36,1482,886],{"class":50},[36,1484,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1496],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1486,142],{"class":141},[36,1488,145],{"class":50},[36,1490,818],{"class":80},[36,1492,145],{"class":50},[36,1494,1495],{"class":148},"value",[36,1497,445],{"class":50},[14,1499,1500],{},"This prints:",[26,1502,1504],{"className":28,"code":1503,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[33,1505,1506],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1507,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1509,844],{"class":46},[36,1511,848],{"class":847},[36,1513,220],{"class":87},[36,1515,936],{"class":91},[36,1517,211],{"class":87},[36,1519,857],{"class":46},[14,1521,495,1522,1524],{},[33,1523,239],{}," instead.",[376,1526,1528],{"id":1527},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,1530,1531],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[26,1533,1535],{"className":28,"code":1534,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[33,1536,1537,1565],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1538,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1540,43],{"class":42},[36,1542,47],{"class":46},[36,1544,51],{"class":50},[36,1546,55],{"class":54},[36,1548,58],{"class":50},[36,1550,1340],{"class":54},[36,1552,58],{"class":50},[36,1554,61],{"class":54},[36,1556,58],{"class":50},[36,1558,61],{"class":54},[36,1560,58],{"class":50},[36,1562,66],{"class":54},[36,1564,69],{"class":50},[36,1566,1567,1569,1571,1573],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1568,142],{"class":141},[36,1570,145],{"class":50},[36,1572,149],{"class":148},[36,1574,152],{"class":50},[14,1576,1577],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[376,1579,1581],{"id":1580},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,1583,1584],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,1586,1587],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[26,1589,1591],{"className":28,"code":1590,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[33,1592,1593,1613],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1594,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1596,43],{"class":42},[36,1598,47],{"class":46},[36,1600,51],{"class":50},[36,1602,631],{"class":54},[36,1604,58],{"class":50},[36,1606,636],{"class":54},[36,1608,58],{"class":50},[36,1610,645],{"class":54},[36,1612,69],{"class":50},[36,1614,1615],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1616,1618],{"class":1617},"sutJx","# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,1620,1621],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[376,1623,1625],{"id":1624},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,1627,1628],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[26,1630,1632],{"className":28,"code":1631,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[33,1633,1634,1639],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1635,1636],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1637,1638],{"class":1617},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[36,1640,1641],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1642,1643],{"class":1617},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,1645,1646,1647,303],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[33,1648,1210],{},[376,1650,1652],{"id":1651},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,1654,1655],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[26,1657,1659],{"className":28,"code":1658,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[33,1660,1661,1682,1716,1720,1735],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1662,1663,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1664,1665],{"class":42},"my_set ",[36,1667,47],{"class":46},[36,1669,51],{"class":50},[36,1671,55],{"class":54},[36,1673,58],{"class":50},[36,1675,61],{"class":54},[36,1677,58],{"class":50},[36,1679,66],{"class":54},[36,1681,69],{"class":50},[36,1683,1684,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1708,1710,1712,1714],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1685,1686],{"class":42},"my_dict ",[36,1688,47],{"class":46},[36,1690,51],{"class":50},[36,1692,88],{"class":87},[36,1694,294],{"class":91},[36,1696,88],{"class":87},[36,1698,1213],{"class":50},[36,1700,1340],{"class":54},[36,1702,58],{"class":50},[36,1704,99],{"class":87},[36,1706,1707],{"class":91},"b",[36,1709,88],{"class":87},[36,1711,1213],{"class":50},[36,1713,61],{"class":54},[36,1715,69],{"class":50},[36,1717,1718],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1719,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,1721,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1733],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,1723,142],{"class":141},[36,1725,145],{"class":50},[36,1727,818],{"class":80},[36,1729,145],{"class":50},[36,1731,1732],{"class":148},"my_set",[36,1734,445],{"class":50},[36,1736,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1748],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,1738,142],{"class":141},[36,1740,145],{"class":50},[36,1742,818],{"class":80},[36,1744,145],{"class":50},[36,1746,1747],{"class":148},"my_dict",[36,1749,445],{"class":50},[21,1751,1753],{"id":1752},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,1755,1756],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[26,1758,1760],{"className":28,"code":1759,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[33,1761,1762,1788,1792,1806,1816,1830,1837],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1763,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1765,1665],{"class":42},[36,1767,47],{"class":46},[36,1769,81],{"class":80},[36,1771,84],{"class":50},[36,1773,55],{"class":54},[36,1775,58],{"class":50},[36,1777,61],{"class":54},[36,1779,58],{"class":50},[36,1781,61],{"class":54},[36,1783,58],{"class":50},[36,1785,66],{"class":54},[36,1787,115],{"class":50},[36,1789,1790],{"class":38,"line":72},[36,1791,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[36,1793,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804],{"class":38,"line":118},[36,1795,142],{"class":141},[36,1797,145],{"class":50},[36,1799,818],{"class":80},[36,1801,145],{"class":50},[36,1803,1732],{"class":148},[36,1805,445],{"class":50},[36,1807,1808,1810,1812,1814],{"class":38,"line":131},[36,1809,142],{"class":141},[36,1811,145],{"class":50},[36,1813,1732],{"class":148},[36,1815,152],{"class":50},[36,1817,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828],{"class":38,"line":138},[36,1819,142],{"class":141},[36,1821,145],{"class":50},[36,1823,438],{"class":141},[36,1825,145],{"class":50},[36,1827,1732],{"class":148},[36,1829,445],{"class":50},[36,1831,1832,1834],{"class":38,"line":155},[36,1833,142],{"class":141},[36,1835,1836],{"class":50},"({})\n",[36,1838,1839,1841,1843,1845],{"class":38,"line":167},[36,1840,142],{"class":141},[36,1842,145],{"class":50},[36,1844,231],{"class":80},[36,1846,1847],{"class":50},"())\n",[14,1849,1850],{},"Use these to confirm:",[246,1852,1853,1856,1859,1862],{},[249,1854,1855],{},"The object type",[249,1857,1858],{},"The actual values stored",[249,1860,1861],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[249,1863,1864,1865,482,1867],{},"The difference between ",[33,1866,864],{},[33,1868,239],{},[21,1870,1872],{"id":1871},"faq","FAQ",[376,1874,1876],{"id":1875},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,1878,1879,1880,1883,1884,1886],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[33,1881,1882],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[33,1885,239],{}," with another iterable.",[376,1888,1890],{"id":1889},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,1892,495,1893,1895,1896,1898],{},[33,1894,239],{},". Empty braces ",[33,1897,864],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[376,1900,1902],{"id":1901},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,1904,1905],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[376,1907,1909],{"id":1908},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,1911,1912],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[376,1914,1916],{"id":1915},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,1918,1919],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[21,1921,1923],{"id":1922},"see-also","See also",[246,1925,1926,1930,1940,1948,1953],{},[249,1927,1928],{},[294,1929,297],{"href":296},[249,1931,1932],{},[294,1933,1935,1936,1939],{"href":1934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F","Python ",[33,1937,1938],{},"set.add()"," method",[249,1941,1942],{},[294,1943,1935,1945,1939],{"href":1944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[33,1946,1947],{},"set.update()",[249,1949,1950],{},[294,1951,1952],{"href":606},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[249,1954,1955],{},[294,1956,1957],{"href":301},"What is a set in Python?",[14,1959,1960],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1962,1963,1964],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":1966},[1967,1968,1969,1970,1973,1979,1983,1984,1985,1991,1999,2000,2007],{"id":23,"depth":72,"text":24},{"id":243,"depth":72,"text":244},{"id":268,"depth":72,"text":269},{"id":306,"depth":72,"text":307,"children":1971},[1972],{"id":378,"depth":118,"text":379},{"id":489,"depth":72,"text":1974,"children":1975},"Create a set with set()",[1976,1977,1978],{"id":520,"depth":118,"text":521},{"id":610,"depth":118,"text":611},{"id":686,"depth":118,"text":687},{"id":778,"depth":72,"text":779,"children":1980},[1981],{"id":860,"depth":118,"text":1982},"Do not use {}",{"id":948,"depth":72,"text":949},{"id":1080,"depth":72,"text":1081},{"id":1270,"depth":72,"text":1271,"children":1986},[1987,1988,1989,1990],{"id":1274,"depth":118,"text":1275},{"id":1317,"depth":118,"text":1318},{"id":1389,"depth":118,"text":687},{"id":1425,"depth":118,"text":1426},{"id":1454,"depth":72,"text":1455,"children":1992},[1993,1995,1996,1997,1998],{"id":1461,"depth":118,"text":1994},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":1527,"depth":118,"text":1528},{"id":1580,"depth":118,"text":1581},{"id":1624,"depth":118,"text":1625},{"id":1651,"depth":118,"text":1652},{"id":1752,"depth":72,"text":1753},{"id":1871,"depth":72,"text":1872,"children":2001},[2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],{"id":1875,"depth":118,"text":1876},{"id":1889,"depth":118,"text":1890},{"id":1901,"depth":118,"text":1902},{"id":1908,"depth":118,"text":1909},{"id":1915,"depth":118,"text":1916},{"id":1922,"depth":72,"text":1923},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set",{"title":5,"description":2008},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",1777585501614]