[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1987},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1980,"extension":1981,"meta":1982,"navigation":111,"path":1983,"seo":1984,"stem":1985,"__hash__":1986},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1947},"minimark",[9,19,26,40,210,218,226,232,251,254,355,358,376,384,388,393,434,437,455,457,579,585,590,606,609,748,751,758,764,767,807,810,815,820,897,901,906,988,991,1008,1015,1019,1025,1096,1099,1116,1119,1210,1217,1220,1242,1246,1251,1257,1264,1335,1338,1344,1347,1421,1428,1434,1442,1452,1454,1551,1557,1563,1653,1660,1664,1669,1693,1696,1800,1803,1835,1854,1858,1868,1874,1880,1883,1889,1894,1901,1906,1910,1943],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-get-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"get()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The dictionary ",[15,24,17],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,27,28,29,32,33,35,36,39],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,30,31],{},"KeyError",", ",[15,34,17],{}," returns ",[15,37,38],{},"None"," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[41,42,47],"pre",{"className":43,"code":44,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n","python","",[15,48,49,106,113,148,175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51,54,58,62,66,70,74,76,79,82,85,87,90,92,95,97,99,103],"span",{"class":52,"line":53},"line",1,[50,55,57],{"class":56},"su5hD","person ",[50,59,61],{"class":60},"smGrS","=",[50,63,65],{"class":64},"sP7_E"," {",[50,67,69],{"class":68},"sjJ54","\"",[50,71,73],{"class":72},"s_sjI","name",[50,75,69],{"class":68},[50,77,78],{"class":64},":",[50,80,81],{"class":68}," \"",[50,83,84],{"class":72},"Ana",[50,86,69],{"class":68},[50,88,89],{"class":64},",",[50,91,81],{"class":68},[50,93,94],{"class":72},"age",[50,96,69],{"class":68},[50,98,78],{"class":64},[50,100,102],{"class":101},"srdBf"," 25",[50,104,105],{"class":64},"}\n",[50,107,109],{"class":52,"line":108},2,[50,110,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},true,"\n",[50,114,116,120,123,127,130,133,135,137,139,141,144],{"class":52,"line":115},3,[50,117,119],{"class":118},"sptTA","print",[50,121,122],{"class":64},"(",[50,124,126],{"class":125},"slqww","person",[50,128,129],{"class":64},".",[50,131,132],{"class":125},"get",[50,134,122],{"class":64},[50,136,69],{"class":68},[50,138,73],{"class":72},[50,140,69],{"class":68},[50,142,143],{"class":64},"))",[50,145,147],{"class":146},"sutJx","           # Ana\n",[50,149,151,153,155,157,159,161,163,165,168,170,172],{"class":52,"line":150},4,[50,152,119],{"class":118},[50,154,122],{"class":64},[50,156,126],{"class":125},[50,158,129],{"class":64},[50,160,132],{"class":125},[50,162,122],{"class":64},[50,164,69],{"class":68},[50,166,167],{"class":72},"city",[50,169,69],{"class":68},[50,171,143],{"class":64},[50,173,174],{"class":146},"           # None\n",[50,176,178,180,182,184,186,188,190,192,194,196,198,200,203,205,207],{"class":52,"line":177},5,[50,179,119],{"class":118},[50,181,122],{"class":64},[50,183,126],{"class":125},[50,185,129],{"class":64},[50,187,132],{"class":125},[50,189,122],{"class":64},[50,191,69],{"class":68},[50,193,167],{"class":72},[50,195,69],{"class":68},[50,197,89],{"class":64},[50,199,81],{"class":68},[50,201,202],{"class":72},"N\u002FA",[50,204,69],{"class":68},[50,206,143],{"class":64},[50,208,209],{"class":146},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,211,212,213,215,216,129],{},"Use ",[15,214,17],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,217,31],{},[219,220,222,223,225],"h2",{"id":221},"what-get-does","What ",[15,224,17],{}," does",[20,227,228,229,231],{},"The ",[15,230,17],{}," method:",[233,234,235,239,245,248],"ul",{},[236,237,238],"li",{},"Returns the value for a given key",[236,240,241,242,244],{},"Returns ",[15,243,38],{}," if the key does not exist",[236,246,247],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[236,249,250],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,252,253],{},"Example:",[41,255,257],{"className":43,"code":256,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,258,259,299,303,329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,260,261,264,266,268,270,272,274,276,278,281,283,285,287,290,292,294,297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,262,263],{"class":56},"student ",[50,265,61],{"class":60},[50,267,65],{"class":64},[50,269,69],{"class":68},[50,271,73],{"class":72},[50,273,69],{"class":68},[50,275,78],{"class":64},[50,277,81],{"class":68},[50,279,280],{"class":72},"Lina",[50,282,69],{"class":68},[50,284,89],{"class":64},[50,286,81],{"class":68},[50,288,289],{"class":72},"grade",[50,291,69],{"class":68},[50,293,78],{"class":64},[50,295,296],{"class":101}," 90",[50,298,105],{"class":64},[50,300,301],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,302,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,304,305,307,309,312,314,316,318,320,322,324,326],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,306,119],{"class":118},[50,308,122],{"class":64},[50,310,311],{"class":125},"student",[50,313,129],{"class":64},[50,315,132],{"class":125},[50,317,122],{"class":64},[50,319,69],{"class":68},[50,321,73],{"class":72},[50,323,69],{"class":68},[50,325,143],{"class":64},[50,327,328],{"class":146},"     # Lina\n",[50,330,331,333,335,337,339,341,343,345,348,350,352],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,332,119],{"class":118},[50,334,122],{"class":64},[50,336,311],{"class":125},[50,338,129],{"class":64},[50,340,132],{"class":125},[50,342,122],{"class":64},[50,344,69],{"class":68},[50,346,347],{"class":72},"email",[50,349,69],{"class":68},[50,351,143],{"class":64},[50,353,354],{"class":146},"    # None\n",[20,356,357],{},"In this example:",[233,359,360,366],{},[236,361,362,365],{},[15,363,364],{},"\"name\""," exists, so its value is returned",[236,367,368,371,372,35,374],{},[15,369,370],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,373,17],{},[15,375,38],{},[20,377,378,379,129],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[380,381,383],"a",{"href":382},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[219,385,387],{"id":386},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,389,390,391,78],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,392,17],{},[41,394,396],{"className":43,"code":395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,397,398,415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,399,400,403,405,407,409,412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,401,402],{"class":56},"dictionary",[50,404,129],{"class":64},[50,406,132],{"class":125},[50,408,122],{"class":64},[50,410,411],{"class":125},"key",[50,413,414],{"class":64},")\n",[50,416,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,432],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,418,402],{"class":56},[50,420,129],{"class":64},[50,422,132],{"class":125},[50,424,122],{"class":64},[50,426,411],{"class":125},[50,428,89],{"class":64},[50,430,431],{"class":125}," default_value",[50,433,414],{"class":64},[20,435,436],{},"What each part means:",[233,438,439,444,450],{},[236,440,441,443],{},[15,442,411],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[236,445,446,449],{},[15,447,448],{},"default_value"," is optional",[236,451,452,453],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,454,38],{},[20,456,253],{},[41,458,460],{"className":43,"code":459,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,461,462,489,493,519,545],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,463,464,467,469,471,473,476,478,480,482,485,487],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,465,466],{"class":56},"settings ",[50,468,61],{"class":60},[50,470,65],{"class":64},[50,472,69],{"class":68},[50,474,475],{"class":72},"theme",[50,477,69],{"class":68},[50,479,78],{"class":64},[50,481,81],{"class":68},[50,483,484],{"class":72},"dark",[50,486,69],{"class":68},[50,488,105],{"class":64},[50,490,491],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,492,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,494,495,497,499,502,504,506,508,510,512,514,516],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,496,119],{"class":118},[50,498,122],{"class":64},[50,500,501],{"class":125},"settings",[50,503,129],{"class":64},[50,505,132],{"class":125},[50,507,122],{"class":64},[50,509,69],{"class":68},[50,511,475],{"class":72},[50,513,69],{"class":68},[50,515,143],{"class":64},[50,517,518],{"class":146},"            # dark\n",[50,520,521,523,525,527,529,531,533,535,538,540,542],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,522,119],{"class":118},[50,524,122],{"class":64},[50,526,501],{"class":125},[50,528,129],{"class":64},[50,530,132],{"class":125},[50,532,122],{"class":64},[50,534,69],{"class":68},[50,536,537],{"class":72},"language",[50,539,69],{"class":68},[50,541,143],{"class":64},[50,543,544],{"class":146},"         # None\n",[50,546,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,572,574,576],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,548,119],{"class":118},[50,550,122],{"class":64},[50,552,501],{"class":125},[50,554,129],{"class":64},[50,556,132],{"class":125},[50,558,122],{"class":64},[50,560,69],{"class":68},[50,562,537],{"class":72},[50,564,69],{"class":68},[50,566,89],{"class":64},[50,568,81],{"class":68},[50,570,571],{"class":72},"en",[50,573,69],{"class":68},[50,575,143],{"class":64},[50,577,578],{"class":146},"   # en\n",[219,580,582,583],{"id":581},"when-to-use-get","When to use ",[15,584,17],{},[20,586,212,587,589],{},[15,588,17],{}," when:",[233,591,592,595,600,603],{},[236,593,594],{},"A key might not exist",[236,596,597,598],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,599,31],{},[236,601,602],{},"You are reading optional data",[236,604,605],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,607,608],{},"Example with optional user data:",[41,610,612],{"className":43,"code":611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,613,614,658,662,688,714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,615,616,619,621,623,625,628,630,632,634,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,654,656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,617,618],{"class":56},"user ",[50,620,61],{"class":60},[50,622,65],{"class":64},[50,624,69],{"class":68},[50,626,627],{"class":72},"username",[50,629,69],{"class":68},[50,631,78],{"class":64},[50,633,81],{"class":68},[50,635,636],{"class":72},"sam",[50,638,69],{"class":68},[50,640,89],{"class":64},[50,642,81],{"class":68},[50,644,347],{"class":72},[50,646,69],{"class":68},[50,648,78],{"class":64},[50,650,81],{"class":68},[50,652,653],{"class":72},"sam@example.com",[50,655,69],{"class":68},[50,657,105],{"class":64},[50,659,660],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,661,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,663,664,666,668,671,673,675,677,679,681,683,685],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,665,119],{"class":118},[50,667,122],{"class":64},[50,669,670],{"class":125},"user",[50,672,129],{"class":64},[50,674,132],{"class":125},[50,676,122],{"class":64},[50,678,69],{"class":68},[50,680,627],{"class":72},[50,682,69],{"class":68},[50,684,143],{"class":64},[50,686,687],{"class":146},"              # sam\n",[50,689,690,692,694,696,698,700,702,704,707,709,711],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,691,119],{"class":118},[50,693,122],{"class":64},[50,695,670],{"class":125},[50,697,129],{"class":64},[50,699,132],{"class":125},[50,701,122],{"class":64},[50,703,69],{"class":68},[50,705,706],{"class":72},"phone",[50,708,69],{"class":68},[50,710,143],{"class":64},[50,712,713],{"class":146},"                 # None\n",[50,715,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,741,743,745],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,717,119],{"class":118},[50,719,122],{"class":64},[50,721,670],{"class":125},[50,723,129],{"class":64},[50,725,132],{"class":125},[50,727,122],{"class":64},[50,729,69],{"class":68},[50,731,706],{"class":72},[50,733,69],{"class":68},[50,735,89],{"class":64},[50,737,81],{"class":68},[50,739,740],{"class":72},"Not provided",[50,742,69],{"class":68},[50,744,143],{"class":64},[50,746,747],{"class":146}," # Not provided\n",[20,749,750],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,752,753,754,129],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[380,755,757],{"href":756},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[219,759,761,763],{"id":760},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,762,17],{}," vs square brackets",[20,765,766],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[41,768,770],{"className":43,"code":769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,771,772,789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,773,774,777,780,782,784,786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,775,776],{"class":56},"data",[50,778,779],{"class":64},"[",[50,781,69],{"class":68},[50,783,411],{"class":72},[50,785,69],{"class":68},[50,787,788],{"class":64},"]\n",[50,790,791,793,795,797,799,801,803,805],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,792,776],{"class":56},[50,794,129],{"class":64},[50,796,132],{"class":125},[50,798,122],{"class":64},[50,800,69],{"class":68},[50,802,411],{"class":72},[50,804,69],{"class":68},[50,806,414],{"class":64},[20,808,809],{},"The difference is important.",[811,812,814],"h3",{"id":813},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,816,817,818,129],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,819,31],{},[41,821,823],{"className":43,"code":822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,824,825,850,854,876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,826,827,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,828,829],{"class":56},"data ",[50,831,61],{"class":60},[50,833,65],{"class":64},[50,835,69],{"class":68},[50,837,73],{"class":72},[50,839,69],{"class":68},[50,841,78],{"class":64},[50,843,81],{"class":68},[50,845,84],{"class":72},[50,847,69],{"class":68},[50,849,105],{"class":64},[50,851,852],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,853,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,855,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,873],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,857,119],{"class":118},[50,859,122],{"class":64},[50,861,776],{"class":125},[50,863,779],{"class":64},[50,865,69],{"class":68},[50,867,73],{"class":72},[50,869,69],{"class":68},[50,871,872],{"class":64},"])",[50,874,875],{"class":146},"   # Ana\n",[50,877,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,879,119],{"class":118},[50,881,122],{"class":64},[50,883,776],{"class":125},[50,885,779],{"class":64},[50,887,69],{"class":68},[50,889,167],{"class":72},[50,891,69],{"class":68},[50,893,872],{"class":64},[50,895,896],{"class":146},"   # KeyError\n",[811,898,899],{"id":132},[15,900,17],{},[20,902,903,905],{},[15,904,17],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[41,907,909],{"className":43,"code":908,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,910,911,935,939,963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,912,913,915,917,919,921,923,925,927,929,931,933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,914,829],{"class":56},[50,916,61],{"class":60},[50,918,65],{"class":64},[50,920,69],{"class":68},[50,922,73],{"class":72},[50,924,69],{"class":68},[50,926,78],{"class":64},[50,928,81],{"class":68},[50,930,84],{"class":72},[50,932,69],{"class":68},[50,934,105],{"class":64},[50,936,937],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,938,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,940,941,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957,959,961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,942,119],{"class":118},[50,944,122],{"class":64},[50,946,776],{"class":125},[50,948,129],{"class":64},[50,950,132],{"class":125},[50,952,122],{"class":64},[50,954,69],{"class":68},[50,956,73],{"class":72},[50,958,69],{"class":68},[50,960,143],{"class":64},[50,962,875],{"class":146},[50,964,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,966,119],{"class":118},[50,968,122],{"class":64},[50,970,776],{"class":125},[50,972,129],{"class":64},[50,974,132],{"class":125},[50,976,122],{"class":64},[50,978,69],{"class":68},[50,980,167],{"class":72},[50,982,69],{"class":68},[50,984,143],{"class":64},[50,986,987],{"class":146},"   # None\n",[20,989,990],{},"Use:",[233,992,993,1000],{},[236,994,995,996],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[997,998,999],"strong",{},"must exist",[236,1001,1002,1004,1005],{},[15,1003,17],{}," when the key is ",[997,1006,1007],{},"optional",[20,1009,1010,1011,129],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[380,1012,1014],{"href":1013},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[219,1016,1018],{"id":1017},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,1020,1021,1022,1024],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,1023,17],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[41,1026,1028],{"className":43,"code":1027,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,1029,1030,1056,1060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1031,1032,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1052,1054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1033,1034],{"class":56},"profile ",[50,1036,61],{"class":60},[50,1038,65],{"class":64},[50,1040,69],{"class":68},[50,1042,73],{"class":72},[50,1044,69],{"class":68},[50,1046,78],{"class":64},[50,1048,81],{"class":68},[50,1050,1051],{"class":72},"Mia",[50,1053,69],{"class":68},[50,1055,105],{"class":64},[50,1057,1058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1059,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1061,1062,1064,1066,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1080,1082,1084,1086,1089,1091,1093],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1063,119],{"class":118},[50,1065,122],{"class":64},[50,1067,1068],{"class":125},"profile",[50,1070,129],{"class":64},[50,1072,132],{"class":125},[50,1074,122],{"class":64},[50,1076,69],{"class":68},[50,1078,1079],{"class":72},"country",[50,1081,69],{"class":68},[50,1083,89],{"class":64},[50,1085,81],{"class":68},[50,1087,1088],{"class":72},"Unknown",[50,1090,69],{"class":68},[50,1092,143],{"class":64},[50,1094,1095],{"class":146},"  # Unknown\n",[20,1097,1098],{},"This is useful for display text:",[233,1100,1101,1106,1111],{},[236,1102,1103],{},[15,1104,1105],{},"\"Unknown\"",[236,1107,1108],{},[15,1109,1110],{},"\"Not set\"",[236,1112,1113],{},[15,1114,1115],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,1117,1118],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[41,1120,1122],{"className":43,"code":1121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,1123,1124,1161,1165,1195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1125,1126,1129,1131,1133,1135,1138,1140,1142,1145,1147,1149,1152,1154,1156,1159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1127,1128],{"class":56},"scores ",[50,1130,61],{"class":60},[50,1132,65],{"class":64},[50,1134,69],{"class":68},[50,1136,1137],{"class":72},"math",[50,1139,69],{"class":68},[50,1141,78],{"class":64},[50,1143,1144],{"class":101}," 10",[50,1146,89],{"class":64},[50,1148,81],{"class":68},[50,1150,1151],{"class":72},"science",[50,1153,69],{"class":68},[50,1155,78],{"class":64},[50,1157,1158],{"class":101}," 8",[50,1160,105],{"class":64},[50,1162,1163],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1164,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1166,1167,1170,1172,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1186,1188,1190,1193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1168,1169],{"class":56},"total_history ",[50,1171,61],{"class":60},[50,1173,1174],{"class":56}," scores",[50,1176,129],{"class":64},[50,1178,132],{"class":125},[50,1180,122],{"class":64},[50,1182,69],{"class":68},[50,1184,1185],{"class":72},"history",[50,1187,69],{"class":68},[50,1189,89],{"class":64},[50,1191,1192],{"class":101}," 0",[50,1194,414],{"class":64},[50,1196,1197,1199,1201,1204,1207],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1198,119],{"class":118},[50,1200,122],{"class":64},[50,1202,1203],{"class":125},"total_history",[50,1205,1206],{"class":64},")",[50,1208,1209],{"class":146},"   # 0\n",[20,1211,1212,1213,1216],{},"Here, ",[15,1214,1215],{},"0"," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,1218,1219],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[233,1221,1222,1225,1230,1236],{},[236,1223,1224],{},"Use a string for text",[236,1226,212,1227,1229],{},[15,1228,1215],{}," for numbers",[236,1231,212,1232,1235],{},[15,1233,1234],{},"[]"," for lists if needed",[236,1237,212,1238,1241],{},[15,1239,1240],{},"{}"," for dictionaries if needed",[219,1243,1245],{"id":1244},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,1247,1248,1249,129],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,1250,17],{},[811,1252,1254,1256],{"id":1253},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,1255,17],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,1258,1259,1260,1263],{},"This code does ",[997,1261,1262],{},"not"," create a new key:",[41,1265,1267],{"className":43,"code":1266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,1268,1269,1293,1297,1322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1270,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1272,57],{"class":56},[50,1274,61],{"class":60},[50,1276,65],{"class":64},[50,1278,69],{"class":68},[50,1280,73],{"class":72},[50,1282,69],{"class":68},[50,1284,78],{"class":64},[50,1286,81],{"class":68},[50,1288,84],{"class":72},[50,1290,69],{"class":68},[50,1292,105],{"class":64},[50,1294,1295],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1296,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1298,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1300,119],{"class":118},[50,1302,122],{"class":64},[50,1304,126],{"class":125},[50,1306,129],{"class":64},[50,1308,132],{"class":125},[50,1310,122],{"class":64},[50,1312,69],{"class":68},[50,1314,167],{"class":72},[50,1316,69],{"class":68},[50,1318,143],{"class":64},[50,1320,1321],{"class":146},"  # None\n",[50,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1325,119],{"class":118},[50,1327,122],{"class":64},[50,1329,126],{"class":125},[50,1331,1206],{"class":64},[50,1333,1334],{"class":146},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,1336,1337],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[811,1339,1341,1343],{"id":1340},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,1342,17],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,1345,1346],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[41,1348,1350],{"className":43,"code":1349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,1351,1352,1378,1382,1408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1353,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1365,1367,1369,1371,1374,1376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1355,466],{"class":56},[50,1357,61],{"class":60},[50,1359,65],{"class":64},[50,1361,69],{"class":68},[50,1363,1364],{"class":72},"mode",[50,1366,69],{"class":68},[50,1368,78],{"class":64},[50,1370,81],{"class":68},[50,1372,1373],{"class":72},"light",[50,1375,69],{"class":68},[50,1377,105],{"class":64},[50,1379,1380],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1385,501],{"class":56},[50,1387,129],{"class":64},[50,1389,132],{"class":125},[50,1391,122],{"class":64},[50,1393,69],{"class":68},[50,1395,475],{"class":72},[50,1397,69],{"class":68},[50,1399,89],{"class":64},[50,1401,81],{"class":68},[50,1403,484],{"class":72},[50,1405,69],{"class":68},[50,1407,414],{"class":64},[50,1409,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1411,119],{"class":118},[50,1413,122],{"class":64},[50,1415,501],{"class":125},[50,1417,1206],{"class":64},[50,1419,1420],{"class":146},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,1422,1423,1424,1427],{},"Even though ",[15,1425,1426],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[811,1429,1431,1432],{"id":1430},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,1433,38],{},[20,1435,1436,1437,35,1439,1441],{},"Sometimes ",[15,1438,17],{},[15,1440,38],{}," because:",[233,1443,1444,1447],{},[236,1445,1446],{},"The key is missing, or",[236,1448,1449,1450],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,1451,38],{},[20,1453,253],{},[41,1455,1457],{"className":43,"code":1456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,1458,1459,1498,1502,1526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1460,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1488,1490,1492,1496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1462,829],{"class":56},[50,1464,61],{"class":60},[50,1466,65],{"class":64},[50,1468,69],{"class":68},[50,1470,73],{"class":72},[50,1472,69],{"class":68},[50,1474,78],{"class":64},[50,1476,81],{"class":68},[50,1478,84],{"class":72},[50,1480,69],{"class":68},[50,1482,89],{"class":64},[50,1484,81],{"class":68},[50,1486,1487],{"class":72},"nickname",[50,1489,69],{"class":68},[50,1491,78],{"class":64},[50,1493,1495],{"class":1494},"s39Yj"," None",[50,1497,105],{"class":64},[50,1499,1500],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1501,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1503,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1505,119],{"class":118},[50,1507,122],{"class":64},[50,1509,776],{"class":125},[50,1511,129],{"class":64},[50,1513,132],{"class":125},[50,1515,122],{"class":64},[50,1517,69],{"class":68},[50,1519,1487],{"class":72},[50,1521,69],{"class":68},[50,1523,143],{"class":64},[50,1525,1321],{"class":146},[50,1527,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1529,119],{"class":118},[50,1531,122],{"class":64},[50,1533,776],{"class":125},[50,1535,129],{"class":64},[50,1537,132],{"class":125},[50,1539,122],{"class":64},[50,1541,69],{"class":68},[50,1543,167],{"class":72},[50,1545,69],{"class":68},[50,1547,143],{"class":64},[50,1549,1550],{"class":146},"      # None\n",[20,1552,1553,1554,1556],{},"Both lines print ",[15,1555,38],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,1558,1559,1560,78],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,1561,1562],{},"in",[41,1564,1566],{"className":43,"code":1565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,1567,1568,1604,1608,1632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1569,1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1571,829],{"class":56},[50,1573,61],{"class":60},[50,1575,65],{"class":64},[50,1577,69],{"class":68},[50,1579,73],{"class":72},[50,1581,69],{"class":68},[50,1583,78],{"class":64},[50,1585,81],{"class":68},[50,1587,84],{"class":72},[50,1589,69],{"class":68},[50,1591,89],{"class":64},[50,1593,81],{"class":68},[50,1595,1487],{"class":72},[50,1597,69],{"class":68},[50,1599,78],{"class":64},[50,1601,1495],{"class":1494},[50,1603,105],{"class":64},[50,1605,1606],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1607,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1624,1627,1629],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1611,119],{"class":118},[50,1613,122],{"class":64},[50,1615,69],{"class":68},[50,1617,1487],{"class":72},[50,1619,69],{"class":68},[50,1621,1623],{"class":1622},"sVHd0"," in",[50,1625,1626],{"class":125}," data",[50,1628,1206],{"class":64},[50,1630,1631],{"class":146},"  # True\n",[50,1633,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1635,119],{"class":118},[50,1637,122],{"class":64},[50,1639,69],{"class":68},[50,1641,167],{"class":72},[50,1643,69],{"class":68},[50,1645,1623],{"class":1622},[50,1647,1626],{"class":125},[50,1649,1206],{"class":64},[50,1651,1652],{"class":146},"      # False\n",[20,1654,1655,1656,129],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[380,1657,1659],{"href":1658},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[219,1661,1663],{"id":1662},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1665,1666,1667,78],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,1668,17],{},[233,1670,1671,1676,1684,1690],{},[236,1672,1673,1674],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,1675,31],{},[236,1677,1678,1679,35,1681,1683],{},"Forgetting that ",[15,1680,17],{},[15,1682,38],{}," if no default is provided",[236,1685,1686,1687,1689],{},"Assuming ",[15,1688,17],{}," creates a key automatically",[236,1691,1692],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,1694,1695],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[41,1697,1699],{"className":43,"code":1698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,1700,1701,1712,1728,1748,1771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1702,1703,1705,1707,1710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1704,119],{"class":118},[50,1706,122],{"class":64},[50,1708,1709],{"class":125},"my_dict",[50,1711,414],{"class":64},[50,1713,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1725],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1715,119],{"class":118},[50,1717,122],{"class":64},[50,1719,1709],{"class":125},[50,1721,129],{"class":64},[50,1723,1724],{"class":125},"keys",[50,1726,1727],{"class":64},"())\n",[50,1729,1730,1732,1734,1737,1739,1741,1743,1746],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1731,119],{"class":118},[50,1733,122],{"class":64},[50,1735,1736],{"class":68},"'",[50,1738,73],{"class":72},[50,1740,1736],{"class":68},[50,1742,1623],{"class":1622},[50,1744,1745],{"class":125}," my_dict",[50,1747,414],{"class":64},[50,1749,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768],{"class":52,"line":150},[50,1751,119],{"class":118},[50,1753,122],{"class":64},[50,1755,1709],{"class":125},[50,1757,129],{"class":64},[50,1759,132],{"class":125},[50,1761,122],{"class":64},[50,1763,1736],{"class":68},[50,1765,73],{"class":72},[50,1767,1736],{"class":68},[50,1769,1770],{"class":64},"))\n",[50,1772,1773,1775,1777,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1795,1797],{"class":52,"line":177},[50,1774,119],{"class":118},[50,1776,122],{"class":64},[50,1778,1780],{"class":1779},"sZMiF","type",[50,1782,122],{"class":64},[50,1784,1709],{"class":125},[50,1786,129],{"class":64},[50,1788,132],{"class":125},[50,1790,122],{"class":64},[50,1792,1736],{"class":68},[50,1794,73],{"class":72},[50,1796,1736],{"class":68},[50,1798,1799],{"class":64},")))\n",[20,1801,1802],{},"What these checks tell you:",[233,1804,1805,1811,1817,1823,1829],{},[236,1806,1807,1810],{},[15,1808,1809],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the full dictionary",[236,1812,1813,1816],{},[15,1814,1815],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[236,1818,1819,1822],{},[15,1820,1821],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[236,1824,1825,1828],{},[15,1826,1827],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[236,1830,1831,1834],{},[15,1832,1833],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,1836,1837,1838,1846,1847,1853],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[380,1839,1841,1842,1845],{"href":1840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F","the dictionary ",[15,1843,1844],{},"keys()"," method"," and ",[380,1848,1841,1850,1845],{"href":1849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,1851,1852],{},"items()"," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[219,1855,1857],{"id":1856},"faq","FAQ",[811,1859,1861,1862,1864,1865,1867],{"id":1860},"does-get-raise-keyerror","Does ",[15,1863,17],{}," raise ",[15,1866,31],{},"?",[20,1869,1870,1871,1873],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,1872,38],{}," or the default value you provide.",[811,1875,1861,1877,1879],{"id":1876},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,1878,17],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,1881,1882],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[811,1884,1886,1887,1867],{"id":1885},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,1888,17],{},[20,1890,1891,1893],{},[15,1892,38],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[811,1895,1897,1898,1900],{"id":1896},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,1899,17],{}," or square brackets?",[20,1902,212,1903,1905],{},[15,1904,17],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[219,1907,1909],{"id":1908},"see-also","See also",[233,1911,1912,1916,1923,1929,1934,1939],{},[236,1913,1914],{},[380,1915,383],{"href":382},[236,1917,1918],{},[380,1919,1920,1921,1845],{"href":1840},"Python dictionary ",[15,1922,1844],{},[236,1924,1925],{},[380,1926,1920,1927,1845],{"href":1849},[15,1928,1852],{},[236,1930,1931],{},[380,1932,1933],{"href":1658},"How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[236,1935,1936],{},[380,1937,1938],{"href":756},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[236,1940,1941],{},[380,1942,1014],{"href":1013},[1944,1945,1946],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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get()",{"id":760,"depth":108,"text":1955,"children":1956},"get() vs square brackets",[1957,1958],{"id":813,"depth":115,"text":814},{"id":132,"depth":115,"text":17},{"id":1017,"depth":108,"text":1018},{"id":1244,"depth":108,"text":1245,"children":1961},[1962,1964,1966],{"id":1253,"depth":115,"text":1963},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":1340,"depth":115,"text":1965},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":1430,"depth":115,"text":1967},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1662,"depth":108,"text":1663},{"id":1856,"depth":108,"text":1857,"children":1970},[1971,1973,1975,1977],{"id":1860,"depth":115,"text":1972},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":1876,"depth":115,"text":1974},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":1885,"depth":115,"text":1976},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":1896,"depth":115,"text":1978},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1908,"depth":108,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":5,"description":1980},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",1777585496636]