[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2829},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Flearn\u002Ftype-conversion-in-python-casting-between-types":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2822,"extension":2823,"meta":2824,"navigation":126,"path":2825,"seo":2826,"stem":2827,"__hash__":2828},"content\u002Flearn\u002Ftype-conversion-in-python-casting-between-types.md","Type Conversion in Python (Casting Between Types)",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2793},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,36,60,65,259,262,287,290,307,311,314,317,343,346,349,367,370,436,438,469,473,476,479,499,504,562,579,589,593,596,631,633,826,828,947,951,957,1004,1006,1030,1033,1036,1097,1099,1119,1122,1146,1149,1190,1197,1211,1215,1220,1268,1270,1294,1297,1299,1353,1355,1364,1367,1390,1392,1422,1434,1438,1443,1450,1505,1507,1522,1528,1560,1562,1598,1609,1613,1623,1634,1637,1705,1707,1729,1732,1755,1757,1765,1778,1781,1830,1832,1849,1857,1861,1864,1867,1911,1913,1937,1940,1946,1948,2001,2004,2015,2019,2022,2026,2032,2034,2057,2059,2092,2095,2118,2128,2131,2136,2138,2172,2174,2204,2210,2213,2249,2257,2261,2264,2268,2271,2359,2363,2366,2460,2463,2467,2470,2520,2523,2527,2530,2569,2572,2655,2658,2684,2688,2692,2695,2699,2708,2712,2718,2722,2731,2735,2743,2747,2789],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"type-conversion-in-python-casting-between-types",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Type conversion in Python means changing a value from one type to another.",[14,18,19],{},"This is very common when working with:",[21,22,23,27,30,33],"ul",{},[24,25,26],"li",{},"user input",[24,28,29],{},"file data",[24,31,32],{},"numbers stored as text",[24,34,35],{},"text messages that include numbers",[14,37,38,39,43,44,43,47,50,51,54,55,59],{},"Python gives you built-in functions like ",[40,41,42],"code",{},"int()",", ",[40,45,46],{},"float()",[40,48,49],{},"str()",", and ",[40,52,53],{},"bool()"," to do this. Beginners often call this ",[56,57,58],"strong",{},"casting",".",[61,62,64],"h2",{"id":63},"quick-example","Quick example",[66,67,72],"pre",{"className":68,"code":69,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","age_text = \"25\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprice_text = \"19.99\"\nprice = float(price_text)\n\ncount = 5\ncount_text = str(count)\n\nprint(age + 5)\nprint(price + 0.01)\nprint(\"Count: \" + count_text)\n","python","",[40,73,74,98,121,128,143,161,166,178,196,201,220,236],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,76,79,83,87,91,95],"span",{"class":77,"line":78},"line",1,[75,80,82],{"class":81},"su5hD","age_text ",[75,84,86],{"class":85},"smGrS","=",[75,88,90],{"class":89},"sjJ54"," \"",[75,92,94],{"class":93},"s_sjI","25",[75,96,97],{"class":89},"\"\n",[75,99,101,104,106,110,114,118],{"class":77,"line":100},2,[75,102,103],{"class":81},"age ",[75,105,86],{"class":85},[75,107,109],{"class":108},"sZMiF"," int",[75,111,113],{"class":112},"sP7_E","(",[75,115,117],{"class":116},"slqww","age_text",[75,119,120],{"class":112},")\n",[75,122,124],{"class":77,"line":123},3,[75,125,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},true,"\n",[75,129,131,134,136,138,141],{"class":77,"line":130},4,[75,132,133],{"class":81},"price_text ",[75,135,86],{"class":85},[75,137,90],{"class":89},[75,139,140],{"class":93},"19.99",[75,142,97],{"class":89},[75,144,146,149,151,154,156,159],{"class":77,"line":145},5,[75,147,148],{"class":81},"price ",[75,150,86],{"class":85},[75,152,153],{"class":108}," float",[75,155,113],{"class":112},[75,157,158],{"class":116},"price_text",[75,160,120],{"class":112},[75,162,164],{"class":77,"line":163},6,[75,165,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,167,169,172,174],{"class":77,"line":168},7,[75,170,171],{"class":81},"count ",[75,173,86],{"class":85},[75,175,177],{"class":176},"srdBf"," 5\n",[75,179,181,184,186,189,191,194],{"class":77,"line":180},8,[75,182,183],{"class":81},"count_text ",[75,185,86],{"class":85},[75,187,188],{"class":108}," str",[75,190,113],{"class":112},[75,192,193],{"class":116},"count",[75,195,120],{"class":112},[75,197,199],{"class":77,"line":198},9,[75,200,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,202,204,208,210,212,215,218],{"class":77,"line":203},10,[75,205,207],{"class":206},"sptTA","print",[75,209,113],{"class":112},[75,211,103],{"class":116},[75,213,214],{"class":85},"+",[75,216,217],{"class":176}," 5",[75,219,120],{"class":112},[75,221,223,225,227,229,231,234],{"class":77,"line":222},11,[75,224,207],{"class":206},[75,226,113],{"class":112},[75,228,148],{"class":116},[75,230,214],{"class":85},[75,232,233],{"class":176}," 0.01",[75,235,120],{"class":112},[75,237,239,241,243,246,249,251,254,257],{"class":77,"line":238},12,[75,240,207],{"class":206},[75,242,113],{"class":112},[75,244,245],{"class":89},"\"",[75,247,248],{"class":93},"Count: ",[75,250,245],{"class":89},[75,252,253],{"class":85}," +",[75,255,256],{"class":116}," count_text",[75,258,120],{"class":112},[14,260,261],{},"Output:",[66,263,265],{"className":68,"code":264,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"30\n20.0\nCount: 5\n",[40,266,267,272,277],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,268,269],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,270,271],{"class":176},"30\n",[75,273,274],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,275,276],{"class":176},"20.0\n",[75,278,279,282,285],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,280,281],{"class":81},"Count",[75,283,284],{"class":112},":",[75,286,177],{"class":176},[14,288,289],{},"This shows the most common conversions:",[21,291,292,297,302],{},[24,293,294,295],{},"string to integer with ",[40,296,42],{},[24,298,299,300],{},"string to float with ",[40,301,46],{},[24,303,304,305],{},"number to string with ",[40,306,49],{},[61,308,310],{"id":309},"what-type-conversion-means","What type conversion means",[14,312,313],{},"Every value in Python has a type.",[14,315,316],{},"For example:",[21,318,319,325,331,337],{},[24,320,321,324],{},[40,322,323],{},"\"hello\""," is a string",[24,326,327,330],{},[40,328,329],{},"10"," is an integer",[24,332,333,336],{},[40,334,335],{},"3.14"," is a float",[24,338,339,342],{},[40,340,341],{},"True"," is a boolean",[14,344,345],{},"Type conversion means changing a value from one type to another.",[14,347,348],{},"Python usually does this with built-in functions such as:",[21,350,351,355,359,363],{},[24,352,353],{},[40,354,42],{},[24,356,357],{},[40,358,46],{},[24,360,361],{},[40,362,49],{},[24,364,365],{},[40,366,53],{},[14,368,369],{},"Example:",[66,371,373],{"className":68,"code":372,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"text_number = \"42\"\nnumber = int(text_number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[40,374,375,389,405,409,420],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,376,377,380,382,384,387],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,378,379],{"class":81},"text_number ",[75,381,86],{"class":85},[75,383,90],{"class":89},[75,385,386],{"class":93},"42",[75,388,97],{"class":89},[75,390,391,394,396,398,400,403],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,392,393],{"class":81},"number ",[75,395,86],{"class":85},[75,397,109],{"class":108},[75,399,113],{"class":112},[75,401,402],{"class":116},"text_number",[75,404,120],{"class":112},[75,406,407],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,408,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,410,411,413,415,418],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,412,207],{"class":206},[75,414,113],{"class":112},[75,416,417],{"class":116},"number",[75,419,120],{"class":112},[75,421,422,424,426,429,431,433],{"class":77,"line":145},[75,423,207],{"class":206},[75,425,113],{"class":112},[75,427,428],{"class":108},"type",[75,430,113],{"class":112},[75,432,417],{"class":116},[75,434,435],{"class":112},"))\n",[14,437,261],{},[66,439,441],{"className":68,"code":440,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"42\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[40,442,443,448],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,444,445],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,446,447],{"class":176},"42\n",[75,449,450,453,457,460,463,466],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,451,452],{"class":85},"\u003C",[75,454,456],{"class":455},"sbsja","class",[75,458,459],{"class":89}," '",[75,461,462],{"class":93},"int",[75,464,465],{"class":89},"'",[75,467,468],{"class":85},">\n",[61,470,472],{"id":471},"why-type-conversion-is-needed","Why type conversion is needed",[14,474,475],{},"Type conversion is needed because data does not always arrive in the type you want.",[14,477,478],{},"Common examples:",[21,480,481,487,490,493,496],{},[24,482,483,486],{},[40,484,485],{},"input()"," always returns a string",[24,488,489],{},"file contents are often read as text",[24,491,492],{},"API data may contain numbers as strings",[24,494,495],{},"math requires number types",[24,497,498],{},"building messages often requires strings",[14,500,501,502,284],{},"Example with ",[40,503,485],{},[66,505,507],{"className":68,"code":506,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"age_text = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[40,508,509,529,543,547],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,510,511,513,515,518,520,522,525,527],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,512,82],{"class":81},[75,514,86],{"class":85},[75,516,517],{"class":206}," input",[75,519,113],{"class":112},[75,521,245],{"class":89},[75,523,524],{"class":93},"Enter your age: ",[75,526,245],{"class":89},[75,528,120],{"class":112},[75,530,531,533,535,537,539,541],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,532,103],{"class":81},[75,534,86],{"class":85},[75,536,109],{"class":108},[75,538,113],{"class":112},[75,540,117],{"class":116},[75,542,120],{"class":112},[75,544,545],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,546,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,548,549,551,553,555,557,560],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,550,207],{"class":206},[75,552,113],{"class":112},[75,554,103],{"class":116},[75,556,214],{"class":85},[75,558,559],{"class":176}," 1",[75,561,120],{"class":112},[14,563,564,565,567,568,571,572,575,576,578],{},"If the user types ",[40,566,94],{},", Python first receives ",[40,569,570],{},"\"25\""," as text.",[573,574],"br",{},"\nYou convert it with ",[40,577,42],{}," so you can do math.",[14,580,581,582,59],{},"If you want to understand this better, see the ",[583,584,586,588],"a",{"href":585},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[40,587,485],{}," function explained",[61,590,592],{"id":591},"common-conversions-beginners-use","Common conversions beginners use",[14,594,595],{},"These are the conversions you will use most often:",[21,597,598,602,606,611,616],{},[24,599,294,600],{},[40,601,42],{},[24,603,299,604],{},[40,605,46],{},[24,607,608,609],{},"integer or float to string with ",[40,610,49],{},[24,612,613,614],{},"other values to boolean with ",[40,615,53],{},[24,617,618,619,43,622,43,625,50,628],{},"basic sequence conversions with ",[40,620,621],{},"list()",[40,623,624],{},"tuple()",[40,626,627],{},"set()",[40,629,630],{},"dict()",[14,632,369],{},[66,634,636],{"className":68,"code":635,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(int(\"7\"))\nprint(float(\"2.5\"))\nprint(str(100))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(list(\"abc\"))\nprint(tuple([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(dict([(\"a\", 1), (\"b\", 2)]))\n",[40,637,638,657,677,693,709,729,757,784],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,639,640,642,644,646,648,650,653,655],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,641,207],{"class":206},[75,643,113],{"class":112},[75,645,462],{"class":108},[75,647,113],{"class":112},[75,649,245],{"class":89},[75,651,652],{"class":93},"7",[75,654,245],{"class":89},[75,656,435],{"class":112},[75,658,659,661,663,666,668,670,673,675],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,660,207],{"class":206},[75,662,113],{"class":112},[75,664,665],{"class":108},"float",[75,667,113],{"class":112},[75,669,245],{"class":89},[75,671,672],{"class":93},"2.5",[75,674,245],{"class":89},[75,676,435],{"class":112},[75,678,679,681,683,686,688,691],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,680,207],{"class":206},[75,682,113],{"class":112},[75,684,685],{"class":108},"str",[75,687,113],{"class":112},[75,689,690],{"class":176},"100",[75,692,435],{"class":112},[75,694,695,697,699,702,704,707],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,696,207],{"class":206},[75,698,113],{"class":112},[75,700,701],{"class":108},"bool",[75,703,113],{"class":112},[75,705,706],{"class":176},"1",[75,708,435],{"class":112},[75,710,711,713,715,718,720,722,725,727],{"class":77,"line":145},[75,712,207],{"class":206},[75,714,113],{"class":112},[75,716,717],{"class":108},"list",[75,719,113],{"class":112},[75,721,245],{"class":89},[75,723,724],{"class":93},"abc",[75,726,245],{"class":89},[75,728,435],{"class":112},[75,730,731,733,735,738,741,743,746,749,751,754],{"class":77,"line":163},[75,732,207],{"class":206},[75,734,113],{"class":112},[75,736,737],{"class":108},"tuple",[75,739,740],{"class":112},"([",[75,742,706],{"class":176},[75,744,745],{"class":112},",",[75,747,748],{"class":176}," 2",[75,750,745],{"class":112},[75,752,753],{"class":176}," 3",[75,755,756],{"class":112},"]))\n",[75,758,759,761,763,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782],{"class":77,"line":168},[75,760,207],{"class":206},[75,762,113],{"class":112},[75,764,765],{"class":108},"set",[75,767,740],{"class":112},[75,769,706],{"class":176},[75,771,745],{"class":112},[75,773,748],{"class":176},[75,775,745],{"class":112},[75,777,748],{"class":176},[75,779,745],{"class":112},[75,781,753],{"class":176},[75,783,756],{"class":112},[75,785,786,788,790,793,796,798,800,802,804,806,809,812,814,817,819,821,823],{"class":77,"line":180},[75,787,207],{"class":206},[75,789,113],{"class":112},[75,791,792],{"class":108},"dict",[75,794,795],{"class":112},"([(",[75,797,245],{"class":89},[75,799,583],{"class":93},[75,801,245],{"class":89},[75,803,745],{"class":112},[75,805,559],{"class":176},[75,807,808],{"class":112},"),",[75,810,811],{"class":112}," (",[75,813,245],{"class":89},[75,815,816],{"class":93},"b",[75,818,245],{"class":89},[75,820,745],{"class":112},[75,822,748],{"class":176},[75,824,825],{"class":112},")]))\n",[14,827,261],{},[66,829,831],{"className":68,"code":830,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"7\n2.5\n100\nTrue\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n(1, 2, 3)\n{1, 2, 3}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[40,832,833,838,843,848,854,885,901,919],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,834,835],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,836,837],{"class":176},"7\n",[75,839,840],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,841,842],{"class":176},"2.5\n",[75,844,845],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,846,847],{"class":176},"100\n",[75,849,850],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,851,853],{"class":852},"s39Yj","True\n",[75,855,856,859,861,863,865,867,869,871,873,875,877,880,882],{"class":77,"line":145},[75,857,858],{"class":112},"[",[75,860,465],{"class":89},[75,862,583],{"class":93},[75,864,465],{"class":89},[75,866,745],{"class":112},[75,868,459],{"class":89},[75,870,816],{"class":93},[75,872,465],{"class":89},[75,874,745],{"class":112},[75,876,459],{"class":89},[75,878,879],{"class":93},"c",[75,881,465],{"class":89},[75,883,884],{"class":112},"]\n",[75,886,887,889,891,893,895,897,899],{"class":77,"line":163},[75,888,113],{"class":112},[75,890,706],{"class":176},[75,892,745],{"class":112},[75,894,748],{"class":176},[75,896,745],{"class":112},[75,898,753],{"class":176},[75,900,120],{"class":112},[75,902,903,906,908,910,912,914,916],{"class":77,"line":168},[75,904,905],{"class":112},"{",[75,907,706],{"class":176},[75,909,745],{"class":112},[75,911,748],{"class":176},[75,913,745],{"class":112},[75,915,753],{"class":176},[75,917,918],{"class":112},"}\n",[75,920,921,923,925,927,929,931,933,935,937,939,941,943,945],{"class":77,"line":180},[75,922,905],{"class":112},[75,924,465],{"class":89},[75,926,583],{"class":93},[75,928,465],{"class":89},[75,930,284],{"class":112},[75,932,559],{"class":176},[75,934,745],{"class":112},[75,936,459],{"class":89},[75,938,816],{"class":93},[75,940,465],{"class":89},[75,942,284],{"class":112},[75,944,748],{"class":176},[75,946,918],{"class":112},[61,948,950],{"id":949},"convert-strings-to-integers","Convert strings to integers",[14,952,953,954,956],{},"Use ",[40,955,42],{}," to convert a string to a whole number.",[66,958,960],{"className":68,"code":959,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"number = int(\"10\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[40,961,962,980,990],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,963,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,965,393],{"class":81},[75,967,86],{"class":85},[75,969,109],{"class":108},[75,971,113],{"class":112},[75,973,245],{"class":89},[75,975,329],{"class":93},[75,977,245],{"class":89},[75,979,120],{"class":112},[75,981,982,984,986,988],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,983,207],{"class":206},[75,985,113],{"class":112},[75,987,417],{"class":116},[75,989,120],{"class":112},[75,991,992,994,996,998,1000,1002],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,993,207],{"class":206},[75,995,113],{"class":112},[75,997,428],{"class":108},[75,999,113],{"class":112},[75,1001,417],{"class":116},[75,1003,435],{"class":112},[14,1005,261],{},[66,1007,1009],{"className":68,"code":1008,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[40,1010,1011,1016],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1012,1013],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1014,1015],{"class":176},"10\n",[75,1017,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1019,452],{"class":85},[75,1021,456],{"class":455},[75,1023,459],{"class":89},[75,1025,462],{"class":93},[75,1027,465],{"class":89},[75,1029,468],{"class":85},[14,1031,1032],{},"The string must look like a whole number.",[14,1034,1035],{},"These work:",[66,1037,1039],{"className":68,"code":1038,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(\" 42 \"))\nprint(int(\"-7\"))\n",[40,1040,1041,1059,1078],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1042,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1044,207],{"class":206},[75,1046,113],{"class":112},[75,1048,462],{"class":108},[75,1050,113],{"class":112},[75,1052,245],{"class":89},[75,1054,386],{"class":93},[75,1056,245],{"class":89},[75,1058,435],{"class":112},[75,1060,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071,1074,1076],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1062,207],{"class":206},[75,1064,113],{"class":112},[75,1066,462],{"class":108},[75,1068,113],{"class":112},[75,1070,245],{"class":89},[75,1072,1073],{"class":93}," 42 ",[75,1075,245],{"class":89},[75,1077,435],{"class":112},[75,1079,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090,1093,1095],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1081,207],{"class":206},[75,1083,113],{"class":112},[75,1085,462],{"class":108},[75,1087,113],{"class":112},[75,1089,245],{"class":89},[75,1091,1092],{"class":93},"-7",[75,1094,245],{"class":89},[75,1096,435],{"class":112},[14,1098,261],{},[66,1100,1102],{"className":68,"code":1101,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"42\n42\n-7\n",[40,1103,1104,1108,1112],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1105,1106],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1107,447],{"class":176},[75,1109,1110],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1111,447],{"class":176},[75,1113,1114,1117],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1115,1116],{"class":85},"-",[75,1118,837],{"class":176},[14,1120,1121],{},"This fails:",[66,1123,1125],{"className":68,"code":1124,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(int(\"10.5\"))\n",[40,1126,1127],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1128,1129,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1142,1144],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1130,207],{"class":206},[75,1132,113],{"class":112},[75,1134,462],{"class":108},[75,1136,113],{"class":112},[75,1138,245],{"class":89},[75,1140,1141],{"class":93},"10.5",[75,1143,245],{"class":89},[75,1145,435],{"class":112},[14,1147,1148],{},"Error:",[66,1150,1152],{"className":68,"code":1151,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '10.5'\n",[40,1153,1154],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1155,1156,1159,1161,1164,1168,1170,1173,1176,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1157,1158],{"class":108},"ValueError",[75,1160,284],{"class":112},[75,1162,1163],{"class":81}," invalid literal ",[75,1165,1167],{"class":1166},"sVHd0","for",[75,1169,109],{"class":108},[75,1171,1172],{"class":112},"()",[75,1174,1175],{"class":1166}," with",[75,1177,1178],{"class":81}," base ",[75,1180,329],{"class":176},[75,1182,284],{"class":112},[75,1184,459],{"class":89},[75,1186,1141],{"class":93},[75,1188,1189],{"class":89},"'\n",[14,1191,1192,1193,1196],{},"That happens because ",[40,1194,1195],{},"\"10.5\""," is a decimal number, not a whole number string.",[14,1198,1199,1200,1206,1207,59],{},"If you need more detail, see ",[583,1201,1203,1205],{"href":1202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[40,1204,42],{}," explained"," or ",[583,1208,1210],{"href":1209},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to int in Python",[61,1212,1214],{"id":1213},"convert-strings-to-floats","Convert strings to floats",[14,1216,953,1217,1219],{},[40,1218,46],{}," to convert a string to a decimal number.",[66,1221,1223],{"className":68,"code":1222,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"price = float(\"3.14\")\nprint(price)\nprint(type(price))\n",[40,1224,1225,1243,1254],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1226,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1228,148],{"class":81},[75,1230,86],{"class":85},[75,1232,153],{"class":108},[75,1234,113],{"class":112},[75,1236,245],{"class":89},[75,1238,335],{"class":93},[75,1240,245],{"class":89},[75,1242,120],{"class":112},[75,1244,1245,1247,1249,1252],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1246,207],{"class":206},[75,1248,113],{"class":112},[75,1250,1251],{"class":116},"price",[75,1253,120],{"class":112},[75,1255,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1257,207],{"class":206},[75,1259,113],{"class":112},[75,1261,428],{"class":108},[75,1263,113],{"class":112},[75,1265,1251],{"class":116},[75,1267,435],{"class":112},[14,1269,261],{},[66,1271,1273],{"className":68,"code":1272,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[40,1274,1275,1280],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1276,1277],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1278,1279],{"class":176},"3.14\n",[75,1281,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1283,452],{"class":85},[75,1285,456],{"class":455},[75,1287,459],{"class":89},[75,1289,665],{"class":93},[75,1291,465],{"class":89},[75,1293,468],{"class":85},[14,1295,1296],{},"This is useful when numbers may contain decimal points.",[14,1298,369],{},[66,1300,1302],{"className":68,"code":1301,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"height_text = \"1.75\"\nheight = float(height_text)\n\nprint(height * 2)\n",[40,1303,1304,1318,1334,1338],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1305,1306,1309,1311,1313,1316],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1307,1308],{"class":81},"height_text ",[75,1310,86],{"class":85},[75,1312,90],{"class":89},[75,1314,1315],{"class":93},"1.75",[75,1317,97],{"class":89},[75,1319,1320,1323,1325,1327,1329,1332],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1321,1322],{"class":81},"height ",[75,1324,86],{"class":85},[75,1326,153],{"class":108},[75,1328,113],{"class":112},[75,1330,1331],{"class":116},"height_text",[75,1333,120],{"class":112},[75,1335,1336],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1337,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,1339,1340,1342,1344,1346,1349,1351],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,1341,207],{"class":206},[75,1343,113],{"class":112},[75,1345,1322],{"class":116},[75,1347,1348],{"class":85},"*",[75,1350,748],{"class":176},[75,1352,120],{"class":112},[14,1354,261],{},[66,1356,1358],{"className":68,"code":1357,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"3.5\n",[40,1359,1360],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1361,1362],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1363,1357],{"class":176},[14,1365,1366],{},"Invalid text causes an error:",[66,1368,1370],{"className":68,"code":1369,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(float(\"abc\"))\n",[40,1371,1372],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1373,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1375,207],{"class":206},[75,1377,113],{"class":112},[75,1379,665],{"class":108},[75,1381,113],{"class":112},[75,1383,245],{"class":89},[75,1385,724],{"class":93},[75,1387,245],{"class":89},[75,1389,435],{"class":112},[14,1391,1148],{},[66,1393,1395],{"className":68,"code":1394,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'abc'\n",[40,1396,1397],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1398,1399,1401,1403,1406,1409,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1400,1158],{"class":108},[75,1402,284],{"class":112},[75,1404,1405],{"class":81}," could ",[75,1407,1408],{"class":85},"not",[75,1410,1411],{"class":81}," convert string to ",[75,1413,665],{"class":108},[75,1415,284],{"class":112},[75,1417,459],{"class":89},[75,1419,724],{"class":93},[75,1421,1189],{"class":89},[14,1423,1424,1425,1206,1430,59],{},"See ",[583,1426,1428,1205],{"href":1427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[40,1429,46],{},[583,1431,1433],{"href":1432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[61,1435,1437],{"id":1436},"convert-numbers-to-strings","Convert numbers to strings",[14,1439,953,1440,1442],{},[40,1441,49],{}," when you need to combine numbers with text.",[14,1444,1445,1446,1449],{},"This is very common in ",[40,1447,1448],{},"print()"," messages, file output, and labels.",[66,1451,1453],{"className":68,"code":1452,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"score = 95\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[40,1454,1455,1465,1490,1494],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1456,1457,1460,1462],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1458,1459],{"class":81},"score ",[75,1461,86],{"class":85},[75,1463,1464],{"class":176}," 95\n",[75,1466,1467,1470,1472,1474,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1488],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1468,1469],{"class":81},"message ",[75,1471,86],{"class":85},[75,1473,90],{"class":89},[75,1475,1476],{"class":93},"Your score is ",[75,1478,245],{"class":89},[75,1480,253],{"class":85},[75,1482,188],{"class":108},[75,1484,113],{"class":112},[75,1486,1487],{"class":116},"score",[75,1489,120],{"class":112},[75,1491,1492],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1493,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,1495,1496,1498,1500,1503],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,1497,207],{"class":206},[75,1499,113],{"class":112},[75,1501,1502],{"class":116},"message",[75,1504,120],{"class":112},[14,1506,261],{},[66,1508,1510],{"className":68,"code":1509,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"Your score is 95\n",[40,1511,1512],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1513,1514,1517,1520],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1515,1516],{"class":81},"Your score ",[75,1518,1519],{"class":85},"is",[75,1521,1464],{"class":176},[14,1523,1524,1525,1527],{},"Without ",[40,1526,49],{},", this would fail:",[66,1529,1531],{"className":68,"code":1530,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"score = 95\nprint(\"Your score is \" + score)\n",[40,1532,1533,1541],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1534,1535,1537,1539],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1536,1459],{"class":81},[75,1538,86],{"class":85},[75,1540,1464],{"class":176},[75,1542,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1558],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1544,207],{"class":206},[75,1546,113],{"class":112},[75,1548,245],{"class":89},[75,1550,1476],{"class":93},[75,1552,245],{"class":89},[75,1554,253],{"class":85},[75,1556,1557],{"class":116}," score",[75,1559,120],{"class":112},[14,1561,1148],{},[66,1563,1565],{"className":68,"code":1564,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str\n",[40,1566,1567],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1568,1569,1572,1574,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1592,1595],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1570,1571],{"class":108},"TypeError",[75,1573,284],{"class":112},[75,1575,1576],{"class":81}," can only concatenate ",[75,1578,685],{"class":108},[75,1580,811],{"class":112},[75,1582,1408],{"class":1166},[75,1584,90],{"class":89},[75,1586,462],{"class":93},[75,1588,245],{"class":89},[75,1590,1591],{"class":112},")",[75,1593,1594],{"class":81}," to ",[75,1596,1597],{"class":108},"str\n",[14,1599,1424,1600,1206,1605,59],{},[583,1601,1603,1205],{"href":1602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[40,1604,49],{},[583,1606,1608],{"href":1607},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","how to convert int to string in Python",[61,1610,1612],{"id":1611},"convert-values-to-booleans","Convert values to booleans",[14,1614,953,1615,1617,1618,1206,1620,59],{},[40,1616,53],{}," to convert a value to ",[40,1619,341],{},[40,1621,1622],{},"False",[14,1624,1625,1626,1629,1630,1633],{},"This follows Python's ",[56,1627,1628],{},"truthy"," and ",[56,1631,1632],{},"falsy"," rules.",[14,1635,1636],{},"Examples:",[66,1638,1640],{"className":68,"code":1639,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\n",[40,1641,1642,1657,1671,1686],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1643,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1655],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1645,207],{"class":206},[75,1647,113],{"class":112},[75,1649,701],{"class":108},[75,1651,113],{"class":112},[75,1653,1654],{"class":176},"0",[75,1656,435],{"class":112},[75,1658,1659,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1660,207],{"class":206},[75,1662,113],{"class":112},[75,1664,701],{"class":108},[75,1666,113],{"class":112},[75,1668,706],{"class":176},[75,1670,435],{"class":112},[75,1672,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1684],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1674,207],{"class":206},[75,1676,113],{"class":112},[75,1678,701],{"class":108},[75,1680,113],{"class":112},[75,1682,1683],{"class":89},"\"\"",[75,1685,435],{"class":112},[75,1687,1688,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1701,1703],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,1689,207],{"class":206},[75,1691,113],{"class":112},[75,1693,701],{"class":108},[75,1695,113],{"class":112},[75,1697,245],{"class":89},[75,1699,1700],{"class":93},"hello",[75,1702,245],{"class":89},[75,1704,435],{"class":112},[14,1706,261],{},[66,1708,1710],{"className":68,"code":1709,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[40,1711,1712,1717,1721,1725],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1713,1714],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1715,1716],{"class":852},"False\n",[75,1718,1719],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1720,853],{"class":852},[75,1722,1723],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1724,1716],{"class":852},[75,1726,1727],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,1728,853],{"class":852},[14,1730,1731],{},"A very common beginner trap is this:",[66,1733,1735],{"className":68,"code":1734,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[40,1736,1737],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1738,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1740,207],{"class":206},[75,1742,113],{"class":112},[75,1744,701],{"class":108},[75,1746,113],{"class":112},[75,1748,245],{"class":89},[75,1750,1622],{"class":93},[75,1752,245],{"class":89},[75,1754,435],{"class":112},[14,1756,261],{},[66,1758,1759],{"className":68,"code":853,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},[40,1760,1761],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1762,1763],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1764,853],{"class":852},[14,1766,1767,1768,1771,1772,1775,1776,59],{},"Why? Because ",[40,1769,1770],{},"\"False\""," is a ",[56,1773,1774],{},"non-empty string",". In Python, non-empty strings are ",[40,1777,341],{},[14,1779,1780],{},"More examples:",[66,1782,1784],{"className":68,"code":1783,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2]))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[40,1785,1786,1797,1815],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1787,1788,1790,1792,1794],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1789,207],{"class":206},[75,1791,113],{"class":112},[75,1793,701],{"class":108},[75,1795,1796],{"class":112},"([]))\n",[75,1798,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1800,207],{"class":206},[75,1802,113],{"class":112},[75,1804,701],{"class":108},[75,1806,740],{"class":112},[75,1808,706],{"class":176},[75,1810,745],{"class":112},[75,1812,748],{"class":176},[75,1814,756],{"class":112},[75,1816,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1828],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1818,207],{"class":206},[75,1820,113],{"class":112},[75,1822,701],{"class":108},[75,1824,113],{"class":112},[75,1826,1827],{"class":852},"None",[75,1829,435],{"class":112},[14,1831,261],{},[66,1833,1835],{"className":68,"code":1834,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"False\nTrue\nFalse\n",[40,1836,1837,1841,1845],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1838,1839],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1840,1716],{"class":852},[75,1842,1843],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1844,853],{"class":852},[75,1846,1847],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1848,1716],{"class":852},[14,1850,1851,1852,59],{},"For more examples, see ",[583,1853,1855,1205],{"href":1854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[40,1856,53],{},[61,1858,1860],{"id":1859},"automatic-vs-explicit-conversion","Automatic vs explicit conversion",[14,1862,1863],{},"Python sometimes converts values automatically.",[14,1865,1866],{},"For example, when you mix an integer and a float:",[66,1868,1870],{"className":68,"code":1869,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"result = 5 + 2.5\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[40,1871,1872,1886,1897],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1873,1874,1877,1879,1881,1883],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1875,1876],{"class":81},"result ",[75,1878,86],{"class":85},[75,1880,217],{"class":176},[75,1882,253],{"class":85},[75,1884,1885],{"class":176}," 2.5\n",[75,1887,1888,1890,1892,1895],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1889,207],{"class":206},[75,1891,113],{"class":112},[75,1893,1894],{"class":116},"result",[75,1896,120],{"class":112},[75,1898,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1900,207],{"class":206},[75,1902,113],{"class":112},[75,1904,428],{"class":108},[75,1906,113],{"class":112},[75,1908,1894],{"class":116},[75,1910,435],{"class":112},[14,1912,261],{},[66,1914,1916],{"className":68,"code":1915,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"7.5\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[40,1917,1918,1923],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1919,1920],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1921,1922],{"class":176},"7.5\n",[75,1924,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1926,452],{"class":85},[75,1928,456],{"class":455},[75,1930,459],{"class":89},[75,1932,665],{"class":93},[75,1934,465],{"class":89},[75,1936,468],{"class":85},[14,1938,1939],{},"Python automatically turns the result into a float here.",[14,1941,1942,1943,59],{},"But beginners should usually prefer ",[56,1944,1945],{},"explicit conversion",[14,1947,369],{},[66,1949,1951],{"className":68,"code":1950,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"user_text = \"12\"\nuser_number = int(user_text)\n\nprint(user_number + 3)\n",[40,1952,1953,1967,1983,1987],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,1954,1955,1958,1960,1962,1965],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,1956,1957],{"class":81},"user_text ",[75,1959,86],{"class":85},[75,1961,90],{"class":89},[75,1963,1964],{"class":93},"12",[75,1966,97],{"class":89},[75,1968,1969,1972,1974,1976,1978,1981],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,1970,1971],{"class":81},"user_number ",[75,1973,86],{"class":85},[75,1975,109],{"class":108},[75,1977,113],{"class":112},[75,1979,1980],{"class":116},"user_text",[75,1982,120],{"class":112},[75,1984,1985],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,1986,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,1990,207],{"class":206},[75,1992,113],{"class":112},[75,1994,1971],{"class":116},[75,1996,214],{"class":85},[75,1998,753],{"class":176},[75,2000,120],{"class":112},[14,2002,2003],{},"Explicit conversion is better because:",[21,2005,2006,2009,2012],{},[24,2007,2008],{},"it makes your code easier to read",[24,2010,2011],{},"it makes the intended type clear",[24,2013,2014],{},"it helps you catch mistakes earlier",[61,2016,2018],{"id":2017},"errors-you-may-see-during-conversion","Errors you may see during conversion",[14,2020,2021],{},"Two common errors appear often.",[2023,2024,1158],"h3",{"id":2025},"valueerror",[14,2027,2028,2029,2031],{},"You get a ",[40,2030,1158],{}," when text cannot be turned into the number you asked for.",[14,2033,369],{},[66,2035,2037],{"className":68,"code":2036,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"number = int(\"hello\")\n",[40,2038,2039],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2040,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2042,393],{"class":81},[75,2044,86],{"class":85},[75,2046,109],{"class":108},[75,2048,113],{"class":112},[75,2050,245],{"class":89},[75,2052,1700],{"class":93},[75,2054,245],{"class":89},[75,2056,120],{"class":112},[14,2058,1148],{},[66,2060,2062],{"className":68,"code":2061,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'hello'\n",[40,2063,2064],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2065,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2067,1158],{"class":108},[75,2069,284],{"class":112},[75,2071,1163],{"class":81},[75,2073,1167],{"class":1166},[75,2075,109],{"class":108},[75,2077,1172],{"class":112},[75,2079,1175],{"class":1166},[75,2081,1178],{"class":81},[75,2083,329],{"class":176},[75,2085,284],{"class":112},[75,2087,459],{"class":89},[75,2089,1700],{"class":93},[75,2091,1189],{"class":89},[14,2093,2094],{},"Another example:",[66,2096,2098],{"className":68,"code":2097,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"price = float(\"abc\")\n",[40,2099,2100],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2101,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2103,148],{"class":81},[75,2105,86],{"class":85},[75,2107,153],{"class":108},[75,2109,113],{"class":112},[75,2111,245],{"class":89},[75,2113,724],{"class":93},[75,2115,245],{"class":89},[75,2117,120],{"class":112},[14,2119,2120,2121,59],{},"If you hit this problem, see ",[583,2122,2124,2125],{"href":2123},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[40,2126,2127],{},"ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[2023,2129,1571],{"id":2130},"typeerror",[14,2132,2028,2133,2135],{},[40,2134,1571],{}," when you use values in the wrong way.",[14,2137,369],{},[66,2139,2141],{"className":68,"code":2140,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"age = 25\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[40,2142,2143,2152],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2144,2145,2147,2149],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2146,103],{"class":81},[75,2148,86],{"class":85},[75,2150,2151],{"class":176}," 25\n",[75,2153,2154,2156,2158,2160,2163,2165,2167,2170],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,2155,207],{"class":206},[75,2157,113],{"class":112},[75,2159,245],{"class":89},[75,2161,2162],{"class":93},"Age: ",[75,2164,245],{"class":89},[75,2166,253],{"class":85},[75,2168,2169],{"class":116}," age",[75,2171,120],{"class":112},[14,2173,1148],{},[66,2175,2176],{"className":68,"code":1564,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},[40,2177,2178],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2179,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2181,1571],{"class":108},[75,2183,284],{"class":112},[75,2185,1576],{"class":81},[75,2187,685],{"class":108},[75,2189,811],{"class":112},[75,2191,1408],{"class":1166},[75,2193,90],{"class":89},[75,2195,462],{"class":93},[75,2197,245],{"class":89},[75,2199,1591],{"class":112},[75,2201,1594],{"class":81},[75,2203,1597],{"class":108},[14,2205,2206,2207,2209],{},"This happens because ",[40,2208,214],{}," cannot directly join a string and an integer.",[14,2211,2212],{},"To fix it:",[66,2214,2216],{"className":68,"code":2215,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"age = 25\nprint(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[40,2217,2218,2226],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2219,2220,2222,2224],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2221,103],{"class":81},[75,2223,86],{"class":85},[75,2225,2151],{"class":176},[75,2227,2228,2230,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240,2242,2244,2247],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,2229,207],{"class":206},[75,2231,113],{"class":112},[75,2233,245],{"class":89},[75,2235,2162],{"class":93},[75,2237,245],{"class":89},[75,2239,253],{"class":85},[75,2241,188],{"class":108},[75,2243,113],{"class":112},[75,2245,2246],{"class":116},"age",[75,2248,435],{"class":112},[14,2250,1424,2251,59],{},[583,2252,2124,2254],{"href":2253},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F",[40,2255,2256],{},"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not int) to str",[61,2258,2260],{"id":2259},"safe-conversion-patterns-for-beginners","Safe conversion patterns for beginners",[14,2262,2263],{},"When data may be invalid, convert carefully.",[2023,2265,2267],{"id":2266},"check-before-converting-when-possible","Check before converting when possible",[14,2269,2270],{},"If you already know what the value should look like, check it first.",[66,2272,2274],{"className":68,"code":2273,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"value = \"42\"\n\nif value.isdigit():\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\nelse:\n    print(\"Not a whole number\")\n",[40,2275,2276,2289,2293,2309,2325,2336,2344],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2277,2278,2281,2283,2285,2287],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2279,2280],{"class":81},"value ",[75,2282,86],{"class":85},[75,2284,90],{"class":89},[75,2286,386],{"class":93},[75,2288,97],{"class":89},[75,2290,2291],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,2292,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,2294,2295,2298,2301,2303,2306],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,2296,2297],{"class":1166},"if",[75,2299,2300],{"class":81}," value",[75,2302,59],{"class":112},[75,2304,2305],{"class":116},"isdigit",[75,2307,2308],{"class":112},"():\n",[75,2310,2311,2314,2316,2318,2320,2323],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,2312,2313],{"class":81},"    number ",[75,2315,86],{"class":85},[75,2317,109],{"class":108},[75,2319,113],{"class":112},[75,2321,2322],{"class":116},"value",[75,2324,120],{"class":112},[75,2326,2327,2330,2332,2334],{"class":77,"line":145},[75,2328,2329],{"class":206},"    print",[75,2331,113],{"class":112},[75,2333,417],{"class":116},[75,2335,120],{"class":112},[75,2337,2338,2341],{"class":77,"line":163},[75,2339,2340],{"class":1166},"else",[75,2342,2343],{"class":112},":\n",[75,2345,2346,2348,2350,2352,2355,2357],{"class":77,"line":168},[75,2347,2329],{"class":206},[75,2349,113],{"class":112},[75,2351,245],{"class":89},[75,2353,2354],{"class":93},"Not a whole number",[75,2356,245],{"class":89},[75,2358,120],{"class":112},[2023,2360,2362],{"id":2361},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,2364,2365],{},"This is helpful for user input and file data.",[66,2367,2369],{"className":68,"code":2368,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"value = input(\"Enter a whole number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = int(value)\n    print(\"You entered:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That was not a valid whole number.\")\n",[40,2370,2371,2390,2394,2401,2415,2435,2445],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2372,2373,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2386,2388],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2374,2280],{"class":81},[75,2376,86],{"class":85},[75,2378,517],{"class":206},[75,2380,113],{"class":112},[75,2382,245],{"class":89},[75,2384,2385],{"class":93},"Enter a whole number: ",[75,2387,245],{"class":89},[75,2389,120],{"class":112},[75,2391,2392],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,2393,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,2395,2396,2399],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,2397,2398],{"class":1166},"try",[75,2400,2343],{"class":112},[75,2402,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2413],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,2404,2313],{"class":81},[75,2406,86],{"class":85},[75,2408,109],{"class":108},[75,2410,113],{"class":112},[75,2412,2322],{"class":116},[75,2414,120],{"class":112},[75,2416,2417,2419,2421,2423,2426,2428,2430,2433],{"class":77,"line":145},[75,2418,2329],{"class":206},[75,2420,113],{"class":112},[75,2422,245],{"class":89},[75,2424,2425],{"class":93},"You entered:",[75,2427,245],{"class":89},[75,2429,745],{"class":112},[75,2431,2432],{"class":116}," number",[75,2434,120],{"class":112},[75,2436,2437,2440,2443],{"class":77,"line":163},[75,2438,2439],{"class":1166},"except",[75,2441,2442],{"class":108}," ValueError",[75,2444,2343],{"class":112},[75,2446,2447,2449,2451,2453,2456,2458],{"class":77,"line":168},[75,2448,2329],{"class":206},[75,2450,113],{"class":112},[75,2452,245],{"class":89},[75,2454,2455],{"class":93},"That was not a valid whole number.",[75,2457,245],{"class":89},[75,2459,120],{"class":112},[14,2461,2462],{},"This prevents your program from crashing if the input is bad.",[2023,2464,2466],{"id":2465},"keep-conversions-close-to-where-data-is-used","Keep conversions close to where data is used",[14,2468,2469],{},"This makes code easier to understand.",[66,2471,2473],{"className":68,"code":2472,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"price_text = \"9.99\"\ntotal = float(price_text) * 2\nprint(total)\n",[40,2474,2475,2488,2509],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2476,2477,2479,2481,2483,2486],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2478,133],{"class":81},[75,2480,86],{"class":85},[75,2482,90],{"class":89},[75,2484,2485],{"class":93},"9.99",[75,2487,97],{"class":89},[75,2489,2490,2493,2495,2497,2499,2501,2503,2506],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,2491,2492],{"class":81},"total ",[75,2494,86],{"class":85},[75,2496,153],{"class":108},[75,2498,113],{"class":112},[75,2500,158],{"class":116},[75,2502,1591],{"class":112},[75,2504,2505],{"class":85}," *",[75,2507,2508],{"class":176}," 2\n",[75,2510,2511,2513,2515,2518],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,2512,207],{"class":206},[75,2514,113],{"class":112},[75,2516,2517],{"class":116},"total",[75,2519,120],{"class":112},[14,2521,2522],{},"Instead of waiting many lines before converting, convert near the place where you need the correct type.",[61,2524,2526],{"id":2525},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,2528,2529],{},"These are some very common beginner mistakes:",[21,2531,2532,2539,2545,2551,2560],{},[24,2533,2534,2535,1206,2537],{},"Trying to convert non-numeric text with ",[40,2536,42],{},[40,2538,46],{},[24,2540,2541,2542,2544],{},"Forgetting that ",[40,2543,485],{}," returns a string",[24,2546,2547,2548,2550],{},"Using ",[40,2549,214],{}," between a string and an integer",[24,2552,2553,2554,2557,2558],{},"Assuming ",[40,2555,2556],{},"bool(\"False\")"," becomes ",[40,2559,1622],{},[24,2561,2562,2563,2565,2566],{},"Trying ",[40,2564,42],{}," on a decimal string like ",[40,2567,2568],{},"\"5.2\"",[14,2570,2571],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks help:",[66,2573,2575],{"className":68,"code":2574,"language":70,"meta":71,"style":71},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nvalue = input('Enter a number: ')\nprint(value.strip())\n",[40,2576,2577,2587,2601,2616,2620,2639],{"__ignoreMap":71},[75,2578,2579,2581,2583,2585],{"class":77,"line":78},[75,2580,207],{"class":206},[75,2582,113],{"class":112},[75,2584,2322],{"class":116},[75,2586,120],{"class":112},[75,2588,2589,2591,2593,2595,2597,2599],{"class":77,"line":100},[75,2590,207],{"class":206},[75,2592,113],{"class":112},[75,2594,428],{"class":108},[75,2596,113],{"class":112},[75,2598,2322],{"class":116},[75,2600,435],{"class":112},[75,2602,2603,2605,2607,2610,2612,2614],{"class":77,"line":123},[75,2604,207],{"class":206},[75,2606,113],{"class":112},[75,2608,2609],{"class":206},"repr",[75,2611,113],{"class":112},[75,2613,2322],{"class":116},[75,2615,435],{"class":112},[75,2617,2618],{"class":77,"line":130},[75,2619,127],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":126},[75,2621,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632,2635,2637],{"class":77,"line":145},[75,2623,2280],{"class":81},[75,2625,86],{"class":85},[75,2627,517],{"class":206},[75,2629,113],{"class":112},[75,2631,465],{"class":89},[75,2633,2634],{"class":93},"Enter a number: ",[75,2636,465],{"class":89},[75,2638,120],{"class":112},[75,2640,2641,2643,2645,2647,2649,2652],{"class":77,"line":163},[75,2642,207],{"class":206},[75,2644,113],{"class":112},[75,2646,2322],{"class":116},[75,2648,59],{"class":112},[75,2650,2651],{"class":116},"strip",[75,2653,2654],{"class":112},"())\n",[14,2656,2657],{},"What these do:",[21,2659,2660,2666,2672,2678],{},[24,2661,2662,2665],{},[40,2663,2664],{},"print(value)"," shows the current value",[24,2667,2668,2671],{},[40,2669,2670],{},"print(type(value))"," shows its type",[24,2673,2674,2677],{},[40,2675,2676],{},"print(repr(value))"," shows hidden spaces or characters more clearly",[24,2679,2680,2683],{},[40,2681,2682],{},"value.strip()"," removes spaces at the start and end",[61,2685,2687],{"id":2686},"faq","FAQ",[2023,2689,2691],{"id":2690},"what-is-type-conversion-in-python","What is type conversion in Python?",[14,2693,2694],{},"It means changing a value from one type to another, such as from a string to an integer.",[2023,2696,2698],{"id":2697},"is-casting-and-type-conversion-the-same-thing-in-python","Is casting and type conversion the same thing in Python?",[14,2700,2701,2702,43,2704,50,2706,59],{},"Beginners often use both terms for the same idea. In Python, this usually means using functions like ",[40,2703,42],{},[40,2705,46],{},[40,2707,49],{},[2023,2709,2711],{"id":2710},"why-does-input-need-conversion","Why does input() need conversion?",[14,2713,2714,2715,2717],{},"Because ",[40,2716,485],{}," always returns text, even if the user types a number.",[2023,2719,2721],{"id":2720},"why-does-int105-fail","Why does int(\"10.5\") fail?",[14,2723,2714,2724,2726,2727,2730],{},[40,2725,42],{}," expects a whole number string. Use ",[40,2728,2729],{},"float(\"10.5\")"," first if needed.",[2023,2732,2734],{"id":2733},"why-is-boolfalse-true","Why is bool(\"False\") True?",[14,2736,2737,2738,2740,2741,59],{},"Because any non-empty string is ",[40,2739,341],{}," in Python, even the text ",[40,2742,1770],{},[61,2744,2746],{"id":2745},"see-also","See also",[21,2748,2749,2755,2761,2767,2773,2779,2784],{},[24,2750,2751],{},[583,2752,2753,588],{"href":1202},[40,2754,42],{},[24,2756,2757],{},[583,2758,2759,588],{"href":1427},[40,2760,46],{},[24,2762,2763],{},[583,2764,2765,588],{"href":1602},[40,2766,49],{},[24,2768,2769],{},[583,2770,2771,588],{"href":1854},[40,2772,53],{},[24,2774,2775],{},[583,2776,2778],{"href":2777},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[24,2780,2781],{},[583,2782,2783],{"href":1209},"How to convert a string to int in Python",[24,2785,2786],{},[583,2787,2788],{"href":1432},"How to convert a string to float in 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