[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2073},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Flearn\u002Ffunction-parameters-and-arguments-in-python":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2066,"extension":2067,"meta":2068,"navigation":105,"path":2069,"seo":2070,"stem":2071,"__hash__":2072},"content\u002Flearn\u002Ffunction-parameters-and-arguments-in-python.md","Function Parameters and Arguments in Python",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2029},"minimark",[9,13,17,29,32,37,124,146,149,153,156,167,176,180,183,223,229,241,244,267,270,282,285,297,300,304,307,310,313,324,327,412,415,422,426,429,481,486,506,512,516,525,528,595,598,607,620,624,627,681,683,692,695,711,714,716,789,791,800,803,830,832,841,844,848,854,857,915,917,926,929,947,950,970,972,983,986,989,993,999,1001,1059,1061,1070,1073,1160,1162,1180,1183,1215,1217,1231,1234,1241,1245,1248,1251,1320,1322,1336,1339,1360,1366,1371,1375,1378,1382,1431,1434,1445,1449,1510,1516,1520,1523,1584,1592,1595,1599,1602,1614,1617,1621,1624,1631,1637,1674,1677,1688,1692,1695,1716,1719,1729,1733,1736,1740,1743,1761,1764,1791,1794,1798,1801,1822,1832,1836,1839,1899,1902,1905,1921,1924,1943,1946,1950,1954,1957,1961,1964,1968,1974,1978,1981,1985,1988,1992,2025],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"function-parameters-and-arguments-in-python",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Function parameters and arguments are closely related, but they are not the same thing.",[14,18,19,20,24,25,28],{},"A ",[21,22,23],"strong",{},"parameter"," is a name written in a function definition. An ",[21,26,27],{},"argument"," is the actual value you pass to the function when you call it.",[14,30,31],{},"Understanding this difference makes it much easier to read Python functions, write your own functions, and fix function call errors.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\ngreet(\"Maya\")\n","python","",[45,46,47,71,100,107],"code",{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,49,52,56,60,64,68],"span",{"class":50,"line":51},"line",1,[48,53,55],{"class":54},"sbsja","def",[48,57,59],{"class":58},"sGLFI"," greet",[48,61,63],{"class":62},"sP7_E","(",[48,65,67],{"class":66},"sFwrP","name",[48,69,70],{"class":62},"):\n",[48,72,74,78,80,84,88,90,93,97],{"class":50,"line":73},2,[48,75,77],{"class":76},"sptTA","    print",[48,79,63],{"class":62},[48,81,83],{"class":82},"sjJ54","\"",[48,85,87],{"class":86},"s_sjI","Hello",[48,89,83],{"class":82},[48,91,92],{"class":62},",",[48,94,96],{"class":95},"slqww"," name",[48,98,99],{"class":62},")\n",[48,101,103],{"class":50,"line":102},3,[48,104,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},true,"\n",[48,108,110,113,115,117,120,122],{"class":50,"line":109},4,[48,111,112],{"class":95},"greet",[48,114,63],{"class":62},[48,116,83],{"class":82},[48,118,119],{"class":86},"Maya",[48,121,83],{"class":82},[48,123,99],{"class":62},[125,126,127,137],"ul",{},[128,129,130,133,134,136],"li",{},[21,131,132],{},"Parameter:"," ",[45,135,67],{}," in the function definition",[128,138,139,133,142,145],{},[21,140,141],{},"Argument:",[45,143,144],{},"\"Maya\""," in the function call",[147,148],"hr",{},[33,150,152],{"id":151},"what-this-page-teaches","What this page teaches",[14,154,155],{},"By the end of this page, you should understand that:",[125,157,158,161,164],{},[128,159,160],{},"Parameters are variable names in a function definition",[128,162,163],{},"Arguments are actual values passed when calling the function",[128,165,166],{},"You can read both parts of a simple function with confidence",[14,168,169,170,175],{},"If you are new to functions in general, see ",[171,172,174],"a",{"href":173},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained\u002F","Python functions explained",".",[33,177,179],{"id":178},"parameter-vs-argument","Parameter vs argument",[14,181,182],{},"Look at this function:",[38,184,186],{"className":40,"code":185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n",[45,187,188,206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,189,190,192,195,197,199,201,204],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,191,55],{"class":54},[48,193,194],{"class":58}," add",[48,196,63],{"class":62},[48,198,171],{"class":66},[48,200,92],{"class":62},[48,202,203],{"class":66}," b",[48,205,70],{"class":62},[48,207,208,212,216,220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,209,211],{"class":210},"sVHd0","    return",[48,213,215],{"class":214},"su5hD"," a ",[48,217,219],{"class":218},"smGrS","+",[48,221,222],{"class":214}," b\n",[14,224,225,226,228],{},"In the ",[45,227,55],{}," line:",[125,230,231,236],{},[128,232,233,235],{},[45,234,171],{}," is a parameter",[128,237,238,235],{},[45,239,240],{},"b",[14,242,243],{},"Now look at the function call:",[38,245,247],{"className":40,"code":246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"add(2, 3)\n",[45,248,249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,250,251,254,256,260,262,265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,252,253],{"class":95},"add",[48,255,63],{"class":62},[48,257,259],{"class":258},"srdBf","2",[48,261,92],{"class":62},[48,263,264],{"class":258}," 3",[48,266,99],{"class":62},[14,268,269],{},"In this call:",[125,271,272,277],{},[128,273,274,276],{},[45,275,259],{}," is an argument",[128,278,279,276],{},[45,280,281],{},"3",[14,283,284],{},"Python takes the arguments and assigns them to the parameters:",[125,286,287,292],{},[128,288,289],{},[45,290,291],{},"a = 2",[128,293,294],{},[45,295,296],{},"b = 3",[14,298,299],{},"So the function can use those values inside its body.",[33,301,303],{"id":302},"why-functions-use-parameters","Why functions use parameters",[14,305,306],{},"Parameters make functions flexible.",[14,308,309],{},"Without parameters, you would need to write a new function for every value. With parameters, one function can work with many different inputs.",[14,311,312],{},"Parameters are useful because they:",[125,314,315,318,321],{},[128,316,317],{},"Make one function reusable with different values",[128,319,320],{},"Avoid repeating very similar code",[128,322,323],{},"Let input come from variables, user input, or calculations",[14,325,326],{},"For example:",[38,328,330],{"className":40,"code":329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\ngreet(\"Maya\")\ngreet(\"Sam\")\ngreet(\"Ava\")\n",[45,331,332,344,362,366,380,396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,333,334,336,338,340,342],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,335,55],{"class":54},[48,337,59],{"class":58},[48,339,63],{"class":62},[48,341,67],{"class":66},[48,343,70],{"class":62},[48,345,346,348,350,352,354,356,358,360],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,347,77],{"class":76},[48,349,63],{"class":62},[48,351,83],{"class":82},[48,353,87],{"class":86},[48,355,83],{"class":82},[48,357,92],{"class":62},[48,359,96],{"class":95},[48,361,99],{"class":62},[48,363,364],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,365,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,367,368,370,372,374,376,378],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,369,112],{"class":95},[48,371,63],{"class":62},[48,373,83],{"class":82},[48,375,119],{"class":86},[48,377,83],{"class":82},[48,379,99],{"class":62},[48,381,383,385,387,389,392,394],{"class":50,"line":382},5,[48,384,112],{"class":95},[48,386,63],{"class":62},[48,388,83],{"class":82},[48,390,391],{"class":86},"Sam",[48,393,83],{"class":82},[48,395,99],{"class":62},[48,397,399,401,403,405,408,410],{"class":50,"line":398},6,[48,400,112],{"class":95},[48,402,63],{"class":62},[48,404,83],{"class":82},[48,406,407],{"class":86},"Ava",[48,409,83],{"class":82},[48,411,99],{"class":62},[14,413,414],{},"The same function works for different names because it uses a parameter.",[14,416,417,418,175],{},"If you want to practice building functions from scratch, see ",[171,419,421],{"href":420},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-create-a-simple-function-in-python\u002F","how to create a simple function in Python",[33,423,425],{"id":424},"basic-example-with-one-parameter","Basic example with one parameter",[14,427,428],{},"Here is a simple function with one parameter:",[38,430,431],{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[45,432,433,445,463,467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,434,435,437,439,441,443],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,436,55],{"class":54},[48,438,59],{"class":58},[48,440,63],{"class":62},[48,442,67],{"class":66},[48,444,70],{"class":62},[48,446,447,449,451,453,455,457,459,461],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,448,77],{"class":76},[48,450,63],{"class":62},[48,452,83],{"class":82},[48,454,87],{"class":86},[48,456,83],{"class":82},[48,458,92],{"class":62},[48,460,96],{"class":95},[48,462,99],{"class":62},[48,464,465],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,466,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,468,469,471,473,475,477,479],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,470,112],{"class":95},[48,472,63],{"class":62},[48,474,83],{"class":82},[48,476,119],{"class":86},[48,478,83],{"class":82},[48,480,99],{"class":62},[482,483,485],"h3",{"id":484},"how-it-works","How it works",[125,487,488,493,498],{},[128,489,490,492],{},[45,491,67],{}," is the parameter",[128,494,495,497],{},[45,496,144],{}," is the argument",[128,499,500,501,503,504],{},"When the function runs, Python gives the value ",[45,502,144],{}," to ",[45,505,67],{},[14,507,508,509,511],{},"Inside the function, ",[45,510,67],{}," behaves like a normal variable.",[482,513,515],{"id":514},"output","Output",[38,517,519],{"className":40,"code":518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello Maya\n",[45,520,521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,522,523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,524,518],{"class":214},[14,526,527],{},"You can also pass a variable instead of writing the value directly:",[38,529,531],{"className":40,"code":530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\nperson = \"Leo\"\ngreet(person)\n",[45,532,533,545,563,567,584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,534,535,537,539,541,543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,536,55],{"class":54},[48,538,59],{"class":58},[48,540,63],{"class":62},[48,542,67],{"class":66},[48,544,70],{"class":62},[48,546,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,561],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,548,77],{"class":76},[48,550,63],{"class":62},[48,552,83],{"class":82},[48,554,87],{"class":86},[48,556,83],{"class":82},[48,558,92],{"class":62},[48,560,96],{"class":95},[48,562,99],{"class":62},[48,564,565],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,566,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,568,569,572,575,578,581],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,570,571],{"class":214},"person ",[48,573,574],{"class":218},"=",[48,576,577],{"class":82}," \"",[48,579,580],{"class":86},"Leo",[48,582,583],{"class":82},"\"\n",[48,585,586,588,590,593],{"class":50,"line":382},[48,587,112],{"class":95},[48,589,63],{"class":62},[48,591,592],{"class":95},"person",[48,594,99],{"class":62},[14,596,597],{},"Output:",[38,599,601],{"className":40,"code":600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello Leo\n",[45,602,603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,604,605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,606,600],{"class":214},[14,608,609,610,612,613,615,616,619],{},"The outside variable is called ",[45,611,592],{},", but the parameter is called ",[45,614,67],{},". That is fine. The names do ",[21,617,618],{},"not"," need to match.",[33,621,623],{"id":622},"example-with-multiple-parameters","Example with multiple parameters",[14,625,626],{},"Functions can have more than one parameter.",[38,628,630],{"className":40,"code":629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    print(a + b)\n\nadd(2, 3)\n",[45,631,632,648,663,667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,633,634,636,638,640,642,644,646],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,635,55],{"class":54},[48,637,194],{"class":58},[48,639,63],{"class":62},[48,641,171],{"class":66},[48,643,92],{"class":62},[48,645,203],{"class":66},[48,647,70],{"class":62},[48,649,650,652,654,657,659,661],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,651,77],{"class":76},[48,653,63],{"class":62},[48,655,656],{"class":95},"a ",[48,658,219],{"class":218},[48,660,203],{"class":95},[48,662,99],{"class":62},[48,664,665],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,666,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,668,669,671,673,675,677,679],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,670,253],{"class":95},[48,672,63],{"class":62},[48,674,259],{"class":258},[48,676,92],{"class":62},[48,678,264],{"class":258},[48,680,99],{"class":62},[14,682,597],{},[38,684,686],{"className":40,"code":685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n",[45,687,688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,689,690],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,691,685],{"class":258},[14,693,694],{},"Here:",[125,696,697,704],{},[128,698,699,701,702],{},[45,700,171],{}," gets the first argument: ",[45,703,259],{},[128,705,706,708,709],{},[45,707,240],{}," gets the second argument: ",[45,710,281],{},[14,712,713],{},"The order matters with this style of function call.",[14,715,326],{},[38,717,719],{"className":40,"code":718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(first_name, last_name):\n    print(\"Hello\", first_name, last_name)\n\ngreet(\"Maya\", \"Lopez\")\n",[45,720,721,739,762,766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,722,723,725,727,729,732,734,737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,724,55],{"class":54},[48,726,59],{"class":58},[48,728,63],{"class":62},[48,730,731],{"class":66},"first_name",[48,733,92],{"class":62},[48,735,736],{"class":66}," last_name",[48,738,70],{"class":62},[48,740,741,743,745,747,749,751,753,756,758,760],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,742,77],{"class":76},[48,744,63],{"class":62},[48,746,83],{"class":82},[48,748,87],{"class":86},[48,750,83],{"class":82},[48,752,92],{"class":62},[48,754,755],{"class":95}," first_name",[48,757,92],{"class":62},[48,759,736],{"class":95},[48,761,99],{"class":62},[48,763,764],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,765,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,767,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,785,787],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,769,112],{"class":95},[48,771,63],{"class":62},[48,773,83],{"class":82},[48,775,119],{"class":86},[48,777,83],{"class":82},[48,779,92],{"class":62},[48,781,577],{"class":82},[48,783,784],{"class":86},"Lopez",[48,786,83],{"class":82},[48,788,99],{"class":62},[14,790,597],{},[38,792,794],{"className":40,"code":793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello Maya Lopez\n",[45,795,796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,797,798],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,799,793],{"class":214},[14,801,802],{},"If you reverse the arguments:",[38,804,806],{"className":40,"code":805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greet(\"Lopez\", \"Maya\")\n",[45,807,808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,809,810,812,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,811,112],{"class":95},[48,813,63],{"class":62},[48,815,83],{"class":82},[48,817,784],{"class":86},[48,819,83],{"class":82},[48,821,92],{"class":62},[48,823,577],{"class":82},[48,825,119],{"class":86},[48,827,83],{"class":82},[48,829,99],{"class":62},[14,831,597],{},[38,833,835],{"className":40,"code":834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello Lopez Maya\n",[45,836,837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,838,839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,840,834],{"class":214},[14,842,843],{},"The function still runs, but the result changes because the arguments were passed in a different order.",[33,845,847],{"id":846},"positional-arguments","Positional arguments",[14,849,850,851,175],{},"When arguments are matched by order, they are called ",[21,852,853],{},"positional arguments",[14,855,856],{},"Example:",[38,858,860],{"className":40,"code":859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def subtract(a, b):\n    print(a - b)\n\nsubtract(10, 4)\n",[45,861,862,879,894,898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,863,864,866,869,871,873,875,877],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,865,55],{"class":54},[48,867,868],{"class":58}," subtract",[48,870,63],{"class":62},[48,872,171],{"class":66},[48,874,92],{"class":62},[48,876,203],{"class":66},[48,878,70],{"class":62},[48,880,881,883,885,887,890,892],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,882,77],{"class":76},[48,884,63],{"class":62},[48,886,656],{"class":95},[48,888,889],{"class":218},"-",[48,891,203],{"class":95},[48,893,99],{"class":62},[48,895,896],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,897,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,899,900,903,905,908,910,913],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,901,902],{"class":95},"subtract",[48,904,63],{"class":62},[48,906,907],{"class":258},"10",[48,909,92],{"class":62},[48,911,912],{"class":258}," 4",[48,914,99],{"class":62},[14,916,597],{},[38,918,920],{"className":40,"code":919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6\n",[45,921,922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,923,924],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,925,919],{"class":258},[14,927,928],{},"Python matches them like this:",[125,930,931,939],{},[128,932,933,934,936,937],{},"first argument ",[45,935,907],{}," → parameter ",[45,938,171],{},[128,940,941,942,936,945],{},"second argument ",[45,943,944],{},"4",[45,946,240],{},[14,948,949],{},"If you switch the order:",[38,951,953],{"className":40,"code":952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"subtract(4, 10)\n",[45,954,955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,956,957,959,961,963,965,968],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,958,902],{"class":95},[48,960,63],{"class":62},[48,962,944],{"class":258},[48,964,92],{"class":62},[48,966,967],{"class":258}," 10",[48,969,99],{"class":62},[14,971,597],{},[38,973,975],{"className":40,"code":974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-6\n",[45,976,977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,978,979,981],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,980,889],{"class":218},[48,982,919],{"class":258},[14,984,985],{},"That is why order matters with positional arguments.",[14,987,988],{},"For beginners, positional arguments are usually the easiest way to start calling functions.",[33,990,992],{"id":991},"keyword-arguments","Keyword arguments",[14,994,995,996,175],{},"You can also pass arguments by parameter name. These are called ",[21,997,998],{},"keyword arguments",[14,1000,856],{},[38,1002,1004],{"className":40,"code":1003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\ngreet(name=\"Sam\")\n",[45,1005,1006,1018,1036,1040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1007,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1009,55],{"class":54},[48,1011,59],{"class":58},[48,1013,63],{"class":62},[48,1015,67],{"class":66},[48,1017,70],{"class":62},[48,1019,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1021,77],{"class":76},[48,1023,63],{"class":62},[48,1025,83],{"class":82},[48,1027,87],{"class":86},[48,1029,83],{"class":82},[48,1031,92],{"class":62},[48,1033,96],{"class":95},[48,1035,99],{"class":62},[48,1037,1038],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1039,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,1041,1042,1044,1046,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1043,112],{"class":95},[48,1045,63],{"class":62},[48,1047,67],{"class":1048},"s99_P",[48,1050,574],{"class":218},[48,1052,83],{"class":82},[48,1054,391],{"class":86},[48,1056,83],{"class":82},[48,1058,99],{"class":62},[14,1060,597],{},[38,1062,1064],{"className":40,"code":1063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello Sam\n",[45,1065,1066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1067,1068],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1069,1063],{"class":214},[14,1071,1072],{},"This can be easier to read, especially when a function has several parameters.",[38,1074,1076],{"className":40,"code":1075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def introduce(name, age):\n    print(name, \"is\", age, \"years old\")\n\nintroduce(name=\"Maya\", age=12)\n",[45,1077,1078,1096,1128,1132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1079,1080,1082,1085,1087,1089,1091,1094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1081,55],{"class":54},[48,1083,1084],{"class":58}," introduce",[48,1086,63],{"class":62},[48,1088,67],{"class":66},[48,1090,92],{"class":62},[48,1092,1093],{"class":66}," age",[48,1095,70],{"class":62},[48,1097,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1124,1126],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1099,77],{"class":76},[48,1101,63],{"class":62},[48,1103,67],{"class":95},[48,1105,92],{"class":62},[48,1107,577],{"class":82},[48,1109,1110],{"class":86},"is",[48,1112,83],{"class":82},[48,1114,92],{"class":62},[48,1116,1093],{"class":95},[48,1118,92],{"class":62},[48,1120,577],{"class":82},[48,1122,1123],{"class":86},"years old",[48,1125,83],{"class":82},[48,1127,99],{"class":62},[48,1129,1130],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1131,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,1133,1134,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1158],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1135,1136],{"class":95},"introduce",[48,1138,63],{"class":62},[48,1140,67],{"class":1048},[48,1142,574],{"class":218},[48,1144,83],{"class":82},[48,1146,119],{"class":86},[48,1148,83],{"class":82},[48,1150,92],{"class":62},[48,1152,1093],{"class":1048},[48,1154,574],{"class":218},[48,1156,1157],{"class":258},"12",[48,1159,99],{"class":62},[14,1161,597],{},[38,1163,1165],{"className":40,"code":1164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 12 years old\n",[45,1166,1167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1168,1169,1172,1174,1177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1170,1171],{"class":214},"Maya ",[48,1173,1110],{"class":218},[48,1175,1176],{"class":258}," 12",[48,1178,1179],{"class":214}," years old\n",[14,1181,1182],{},"Keyword arguments also help avoid mistakes with argument order:",[38,1184,1186],{"className":40,"code":1185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"introduce(age=12, name=\"Maya\")\n",[45,1187,1188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1189,1190,1192,1194,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1191,1136],{"class":95},[48,1193,63],{"class":62},[48,1195,1196],{"class":1048},"age",[48,1198,574],{"class":218},[48,1200,1157],{"class":258},[48,1202,92],{"class":62},[48,1204,96],{"class":1048},[48,1206,574],{"class":218},[48,1208,83],{"class":82},[48,1210,119],{"class":86},[48,1212,83],{"class":82},[48,1214,99],{"class":62},[14,1216,597],{},[38,1218,1219],{"className":40,"code":1164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[45,1220,1221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1222,1223,1225,1227,1229],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1224,1171],{"class":214},[48,1226,1110],{"class":218},[48,1228,1176],{"class":258},[48,1230,1179],{"class":214},[14,1232,1233],{},"Even though the order in the call changed, Python still knows which value belongs to which parameter because the names were included.",[14,1235,1236,1237,175],{},"To learn more, see ",[171,1238,1240],{"href":1239},"\u002Flearn\u002Fdefault-and-keyword-arguments-explained\u002F","default and keyword arguments explained",[33,1242,1244],{"id":1243},"default-parameter-values","Default parameter values",[14,1246,1247],{},"A parameter can have a default value.",[14,1249,1250],{},"That means the function can still run even if you do not pass an argument for that parameter.",[38,1252,1254],{"className":40,"code":1253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name=\"friend\"):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\ngreet()\ngreet(\"Maya\")\n",[45,1255,1256,1277,1295,1299,1306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1257,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1273,1275],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1259,55],{"class":54},[48,1261,59],{"class":58},[48,1263,63],{"class":62},[48,1265,67],{"class":66},[48,1267,574],{"class":218},[48,1269,83],{"class":82},[48,1271,1272],{"class":86},"friend",[48,1274,83],{"class":82},[48,1276,70],{"class":62},[48,1278,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1280,77],{"class":76},[48,1282,63],{"class":62},[48,1284,83],{"class":82},[48,1286,87],{"class":86},[48,1288,83],{"class":82},[48,1290,92],{"class":62},[48,1292,96],{"class":95},[48,1294,99],{"class":62},[48,1296,1297],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1298,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,1300,1301,1303],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1302,112],{"class":95},[48,1304,1305],{"class":62},"()\n",[48,1307,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318],{"class":50,"line":382},[48,1309,112],{"class":95},[48,1311,63],{"class":62},[48,1313,83],{"class":82},[48,1315,119],{"class":86},[48,1317,83],{"class":82},[48,1319,99],{"class":62},[14,1321,597],{},[38,1323,1325],{"className":40,"code":1324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello friend\nHello Maya\n",[45,1326,1327,1332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1328,1329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1330,1331],{"class":214},"Hello friend\n",[48,1333,1334],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1335,518],{"class":214},[14,1337,1338],{},"How this works:",[125,1340,1341,1351],{},[128,1342,1343,1344,1347,1348],{},"If you call ",[45,1345,1346],{},"greet()"," with no argument, Python uses the default value ",[45,1349,1350],{},"\"friend\"",[128,1352,1343,1353,1356,1357,1359],{},[45,1354,1355],{},"greet(\"Maya\")",", Python uses ",[45,1358,144],{}," instead",[14,1361,1362,1363,1365],{},"Default values belong to the ",[21,1364,23],{},", not the argument.",[14,1367,1368,1369,175],{},"If you want a full beginner guide to this topic, read ",[171,1370,1240],{"href":1239},[33,1372,1374],{"id":1373},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[14,1376,1377],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[482,1379,1381],{"id":1380},"calling-a-function-with-too-few-arguments","Calling a function with too few arguments",[38,1383,1385],{"className":40,"code":1384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    print(a + b)\n\nadd(2)\n",[45,1386,1387,1403,1417,1421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1388,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1390,55],{"class":54},[48,1392,194],{"class":58},[48,1394,63],{"class":62},[48,1396,171],{"class":66},[48,1398,92],{"class":62},[48,1400,203],{"class":66},[48,1402,70],{"class":62},[48,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1406,77],{"class":76},[48,1408,63],{"class":62},[48,1410,656],{"class":95},[48,1412,219],{"class":218},[48,1414,203],{"class":95},[48,1416,99],{"class":62},[48,1418,1419],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1420,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,1422,1423,1425,1427,1429],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1424,253],{"class":95},[48,1426,63],{"class":62},[48,1428,259],{"class":258},[48,1430,99],{"class":62},[14,1432,1433],{},"This causes an error because the function expects two arguments, but only one was given.",[14,1435,1436,1437,1440,1441,175],{},"You will usually get a ",[45,1438,1439],{},"TypeError",". See ",[171,1442,1444],{"href":1443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-missing-required-positional-argument-fix\u002F","how to fix missing required positional argument errors",[482,1446,1448],{"id":1447},"calling-a-function-with-too-many-arguments","Calling a function with too many arguments",[38,1450,1452],{"className":40,"code":1451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\ngreet(\"Maya\", \"Sam\")\n",[45,1453,1454,1466,1484,1488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1455,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1457,55],{"class":54},[48,1459,59],{"class":58},[48,1461,63],{"class":62},[48,1463,67],{"class":66},[48,1465,70],{"class":62},[48,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1469,77],{"class":76},[48,1471,63],{"class":62},[48,1473,83],{"class":82},[48,1475,87],{"class":86},[48,1477,83],{"class":82},[48,1479,92],{"class":62},[48,1481,96],{"class":95},[48,1483,99],{"class":62},[48,1485,1486],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1487,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1491,112],{"class":95},[48,1493,63],{"class":62},[48,1495,83],{"class":82},[48,1497,119],{"class":86},[48,1499,83],{"class":82},[48,1501,92],{"class":62},[48,1503,577],{"class":82},[48,1505,391],{"class":86},[48,1507,83],{"class":82},[48,1509,99],{"class":62},[14,1511,1512,1513,1515],{},"This also causes a ",[45,1514,1439],{}," because the function only expects one argument.",[482,1517,1519],{"id":1518},"confusing-parameter-names-with-outside-variable-names","Confusing parameter names with outside variable names",[14,1521,1522],{},"This works:",[38,1524,1526],{"className":40,"code":1525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    print(\"Hello\", name)\n\nperson = \"Maya\"\ngreet(person)\n",[45,1527,1528,1540,1558,1562,1574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1529,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1531,55],{"class":54},[48,1533,59],{"class":58},[48,1535,63],{"class":62},[48,1537,67],{"class":66},[48,1539,70],{"class":62},[48,1541,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1543,77],{"class":76},[48,1545,63],{"class":62},[48,1547,83],{"class":82},[48,1549,87],{"class":86},[48,1551,83],{"class":82},[48,1553,92],{"class":62},[48,1555,96],{"class":95},[48,1557,99],{"class":62},[48,1559,1560],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1561,106],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":105},[48,1563,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1565,571],{"class":214},[48,1567,574],{"class":218},[48,1569,577],{"class":82},[48,1571,119],{"class":86},[48,1573,583],{"class":82},[48,1575,1576,1578,1580,1582],{"class":50,"line":382},[48,1577,112],{"class":95},[48,1579,63],{"class":62},[48,1581,592],{"class":95},[48,1583,99],{"class":62},[14,1585,1586,1587,1589,1590,175],{},"The parameter is ",[45,1588,67],{},", but the outside variable is ",[45,1591,592],{},[14,1593,1594],{},"They do not need to match.",[482,1596,1598],{"id":1597},"using-the-terms-like-they-mean-exactly-the-same-thing","Using the terms like they mean exactly the same thing",[14,1600,1601],{},"In everyday conversation, many people use these words loosely. But in Python learning, the distinction helps:",[125,1603,1604,1609],{},[128,1605,1606,1608],{},[21,1607,23],{}," = name in the function definition",[128,1610,1611,1613],{},[21,1612,27],{}," = value in the function call",[14,1615,1616],{},"That small difference makes function code easier to read.",[33,1618,1620],{"id":1619},"how-to-read-function-definitions-and-calls","How to read function definitions and calls",[14,1622,1623],{},"When you see a function, use this simple process:",[482,1625,1627,1628,1630],{"id":1626},"_1-look-at-the-def-line","1. Look at the ",[45,1629,55],{}," line",[14,1632,1633,1634,1636],{},"The ",[45,1635,55],{}," line shows the parameters.",[38,1638,1640],{"className":40,"code":1639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def area(width, height):\n    return width * height\n",[45,1641,1642,1661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1643,1644,1646,1649,1651,1654,1656,1659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1645,55],{"class":54},[48,1647,1648],{"class":58}," area",[48,1650,63],{"class":62},[48,1652,1653],{"class":66},"width",[48,1655,92],{"class":62},[48,1657,1658],{"class":66}," height",[48,1660,70],{"class":62},[48,1662,1663,1665,1668,1671],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1664,211],{"class":210},[48,1666,1667],{"class":214}," width ",[48,1669,1670],{"class":218},"*",[48,1672,1673],{"class":214}," height\n",[14,1675,1676],{},"Parameters:",[125,1678,1679,1683],{},[128,1680,1681],{},[45,1682,1653],{},[128,1684,1685],{},[45,1686,1687],{},"height",[482,1689,1691],{"id":1690},"_2-look-at-the-call-line","2. Look at the call line",[14,1693,1694],{},"The call line shows the arguments.",[38,1696,1698],{"className":40,"code":1697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"area(5, 3)\n",[45,1699,1700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1701,1702,1705,1707,1710,1712,1714],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1703,1704],{"class":95},"area",[48,1706,63],{"class":62},[48,1708,1709],{"class":258},"5",[48,1711,92],{"class":62},[48,1713,264],{"class":258},[48,1715,99],{"class":62},[14,1717,1718],{},"Arguments:",[125,1720,1721,1725],{},[128,1722,1723],{},[45,1724,1709],{},[128,1726,1727],{},[45,1728,281],{},[482,1730,1732],{"id":1731},"_3-count-how-many-values-the-function-expects","3. Count how many values the function expects",[14,1734,1735],{},"If the function has two required parameters, you usually need to pass two arguments.",[482,1737,1739],{"id":1738},"_4-check-whether-the-arguments-are-positional-or-keyword","4. Check whether the arguments are positional or keyword",[14,1741,1742],{},"Positional call:",[38,1744,1745],{"className":40,"code":1697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[45,1746,1747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1748,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1750,1704],{"class":95},[48,1752,63],{"class":62},[48,1754,1709],{"class":258},[48,1756,92],{"class":62},[48,1758,264],{"class":258},[48,1760,99],{"class":62},[14,1762,1763],{},"Keyword call:",[38,1765,1767],{"className":40,"code":1766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"area(width=5, height=3)\n",[45,1768,1769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1770,1771,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1772,1704],{"class":95},[48,1774,63],{"class":62},[48,1776,1653],{"class":1048},[48,1778,574],{"class":218},[48,1780,1709],{"class":258},[48,1782,92],{"class":62},[48,1784,1658],{"class":1048},[48,1786,574],{"class":218},[48,1788,281],{"class":258},[48,1790,99],{"class":62},[14,1792,1793],{},"Both can work, but they match values in different ways.",[33,1795,1797],{"id":1796},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,1799,1800],{},"Beginners often struggle with this topic for a few specific reasons:",[125,1802,1803,1806,1809,1812,1815],{},[128,1804,1805],{},"Mixing up the function definition and the function call",[128,1807,1808],{},"Passing arguments in the wrong order",[128,1810,1811],{},"Forgetting a required argument",[128,1813,1814],{},"Assuming parameter names must match caller variable names",[128,1816,1817,1818],{},"Confusing parameters and arguments with ",[171,1819,1821],{"href":1820},"\u002Flearn\u002Freturn-values-in-python-functions\u002F","return values in Python functions",[14,1823,1824,1825,1828,1829,175],{},"A return value is different. Parameters and arguments are about getting values ",[21,1826,1827],{},"into"," a function. A return value is about sending a value ",[21,1830,1831],{},"back out",[33,1833,1835],{"id":1834},"simple-debugging-ideas","Simple debugging ideas",[14,1837,1838],{},"If a function call is not working, try these simple checks:",[38,1840,1842],{"className":40,"code":1841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(function_name)\nhelp(function_name)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(a, b)\n",[45,1843,1844,1856,1867,1885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1845,1846,1849,1851,1854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1847,1848],{"class":76},"print",[48,1850,63],{"class":62},[48,1852,1853],{"class":95},"function_name",[48,1855,99],{"class":62},[48,1857,1858,1861,1863,1865],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1859,1860],{"class":76},"help",[48,1862,63],{"class":62},[48,1864,1853],{"class":95},[48,1866,99],{"class":62},[48,1868,1869,1871,1873,1877,1879,1882],{"class":50,"line":102},[48,1870,1848],{"class":76},[48,1872,63],{"class":62},[48,1874,1876],{"class":1875},"sZMiF","type",[48,1878,63],{"class":62},[48,1880,1881],{"class":95},"value",[48,1883,1884],{"class":62},"))\n",[48,1886,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897],{"class":50,"line":109},[48,1888,1848],{"class":76},[48,1890,63],{"class":62},[48,1892,171],{"class":95},[48,1894,92],{"class":62},[48,1896,203],{"class":95},[48,1898,99],{"class":62},[14,1900,1901],{},"You can also try calling the function with simple literal values first.",[14,1903,1904],{},"For example, if this is not working:",[38,1906,1908],{"className":40,"code":1907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greet(user_name)\n",[45,1909,1910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1911,1912,1914,1916,1919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1913,112],{"class":95},[48,1915,63],{"class":62},[48,1917,1918],{"class":95},"user_name",[48,1920,99],{"class":62},[14,1922,1923],{},"try this first:",[38,1925,1927],{"className":40,"code":1926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greet(\"Maya\")\n",[45,1928,1929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[48,1930,1931,1933,1935,1937,1939,1941],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1932,112],{"class":95},[48,1934,63],{"class":62},[48,1936,83],{"class":82},[48,1938,119],{"class":86},[48,1940,83],{"class":82},[48,1942,99],{"class":62},[14,1944,1945],{},"That helps you find out whether the problem is in the function itself or in the variable you passed.",[33,1947,1949],{"id":1948},"faq","FAQ",[482,1951,1953],{"id":1952},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-parameter-and-an-argument-in-python","What is the difference between a parameter and an argument in Python?",[14,1955,1956],{},"A parameter is the name in the function definition. An argument is the value passed into the function when it is called.",[482,1958,1960],{"id":1959},"do-the-variable-names-outside-the-function-need-to-match-the-parameter-names","Do the variable names outside the function need to match the parameter names?",[14,1962,1963],{},"No. Python matches positional arguments by order and keyword arguments by parameter name.",[482,1965,1967],{"id":1966},"what-happens-if-i-do-not-pass-enough-arguments","What happens if I do not pass enough arguments?",[14,1969,1970,1971,1973],{},"Python raises a ",[45,1972,1439],{}," because the function did not receive the required values.",[482,1975,1977],{"id":1976},"when-should-i-use-keyword-arguments","When should I use keyword arguments?",[14,1979,1980],{},"Use them when they make the call easier to read or when you want to avoid mistakes with argument order.",[482,1982,1984],{"id":1983},"are-default-values-the-same-as-arguments","Are default values the same as arguments?",[14,1986,1987],{},"No. A default value belongs to a parameter and is used only when no argument is passed for that parameter.",[33,1989,1991],{"id":1990},"see-also","See also",[125,1993,1994,1998,2003,2008,2013,2019],{},[128,1995,1996],{},[171,1997,174],{"href":173},[128,1999,2000],{},[171,2001,2002],{"href":1820},"Return values in Python functions",[128,2004,2005],{},[171,2006,2007],{"href":1239},"Default and keyword arguments explained",[128,2009,2010],{},[171,2011,2012],{"href":420},"How to create a simple function in Python",[128,2014,2015],{},[171,2016,2018],{"href":2017},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-parameter-in-python\u002F","What is a parameter in Python?",[128,2020,2021],{},[171,2022,2024],{"href":2023},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-argument-in-python\u002F","What is an argument in Python?",[2026,2027,2028],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki 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