[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2945},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2938,"extension":2939,"meta":2940,"navigation":138,"path":2941,"seo":2942,"stem":2943,"__hash__":2944},"content\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python.md","How to Merge Dictionaries in Python",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2882},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,25,181,187,190,194,210,217,223,226,237,242,365,368,476,480,496,499,587,589,626,635,643,648,650,660,663,803,805,874,880,886,889,1000,1002,1055,1062,1068,1071,1082,1085,1195,1197,1249,1253,1258,1269,1272,1408,1410,1495,1505,1509,1512,1515,1518,1526,1530,1643,1645,1722,1736,1739,1792,1794,1829,1833,1842,1848,1950,1952,1997,2002,2107,2109,2153,2157,2160,2257,2259,2280,2284,2287,2293,2303,2309,2318,2323,2331,2334,2357,2361,2364,2370,2373,2454,2460,2464,2467,2538,2540,2561,2567,2573,2579,2582,2598,2601,2626,2630,2633,2722,2724,2769,2773,2777,2793,2797,2800,2807,2813,2817,2826,2833,2838,2842,2878],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"how-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Merging dictionaries in Python means combining key-value pairs from two or more dictionaries into one.",[14,18,19],{},"This page shows the main ways to do that, including what happens when the same key appears in more than one dictionary. It also helps you choose the right method for your Python version and avoid changing a dictionary by mistake.",[21,22,24],"h2",{"id":23},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[26,27,32],"pre",{"className":28,"code":29,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","dict1 = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\ndict2 = {\"city\": \"Lima\", \"age\": 21}\n\nmerged = dict1 | dict2\nprint(merged)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n","python","",[33,34,35,92,133,140,157,174],"code",{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,37,40,44,48,52,56,60,62,65,68,71,73,76,78,81,83,85,89],"span",{"class":38,"line":39},"line",1,[36,41,43],{"class":42},"su5hD","dict1 ",[36,45,47],{"class":46},"smGrS","=",[36,49,51],{"class":50},"sP7_E"," {",[36,53,55],{"class":54},"sjJ54","\"",[36,57,59],{"class":58},"s_sjI","name",[36,61,55],{"class":54},[36,63,64],{"class":50},":",[36,66,67],{"class":54}," \"",[36,69,70],{"class":58},"Ana",[36,72,55],{"class":54},[36,74,75],{"class":50},",",[36,77,67],{"class":54},[36,79,80],{"class":58},"age",[36,82,55],{"class":54},[36,84,64],{"class":50},[36,86,88],{"class":87},"srdBf"," 20",[36,90,91],{"class":50},"}\n",[36,93,95,98,100,102,104,107,109,111,113,116,118,120,122,124,126,128,131],{"class":38,"line":94},2,[36,96,97],{"class":42},"dict2 ",[36,99,47],{"class":46},[36,101,51],{"class":50},[36,103,55],{"class":54},[36,105,106],{"class":58},"city",[36,108,55],{"class":54},[36,110,64],{"class":50},[36,112,67],{"class":54},[36,114,115],{"class":58},"Lima",[36,117,55],{"class":54},[36,119,75],{"class":50},[36,121,67],{"class":54},[36,123,80],{"class":58},[36,125,55],{"class":54},[36,127,64],{"class":50},[36,129,130],{"class":87}," 21",[36,132,91],{"class":50},[36,134,136],{"class":38,"line":135},3,[36,137,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},true,"\n",[36,141,143,146,148,151,154],{"class":38,"line":142},4,[36,144,145],{"class":42},"merged ",[36,147,47],{"class":46},[36,149,150],{"class":42}," dict1 ",[36,152,153],{"class":46},"|",[36,155,156],{"class":42}," dict2\n",[36,158,160,164,167,171],{"class":38,"line":159},5,[36,161,163],{"class":162},"sptTA","print",[36,165,166],{"class":50},"(",[36,168,170],{"class":169},"slqww","merged",[36,172,173],{"class":50},")\n",[36,175,177],{"class":38,"line":176},6,[36,178,180],{"class":179},"sutJx","# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,182,183,184,186],{},"In Python 3.9+, the ",[33,185,153],{}," operator merges dictionaries.",[14,188,189],{},"If both dictionaries have the same key, the value from the right dictionary replaces the earlier one.",[21,191,193],{"id":192},"what-this-page-helps-you-do","What this page helps you do",[195,196,197,201,204,207],"ul",{},[198,199,200],"li",{},"Combine two dictionaries into one",[198,202,203],{},"Understand which value is kept when keys are duplicated",[198,205,206],{},"Choose the best merge method for your Python version",[198,208,209],{},"Avoid changing the original dictionary by mistake",[21,211,213,214,216],{"id":212},"merge-dictionaries-with-the-operator","Merge dictionaries with the ",[33,215,153],{}," operator",[14,218,219,220,222],{},"The ",[33,221,153],{}," operator is the simplest way to merge dictionaries in modern Python.",[14,224,225],{},"Use it when:",[195,227,228,231,234],{},[198,229,230],{},"You are using Python 3.9 or later",[198,232,233],{},"You want a new dictionary",[198,235,236],{},"You do not want to change the original dictionaries",[238,239,241],"h3",{"id":240},"example","Example",[26,243,245],{"className":28,"code":244,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nextra = {\"city\": \"Lima\"}\n\nmerged = person | extra\n\nprint(merged)\nprint(person)\nprint(extra)\n",[33,246,247,284,309,313,327,331,341,353],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,248,249,252,254,256,258,260,262,264,266,268,270,272,274,276,278,280,282],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,250,251],{"class":42},"person ",[36,253,47],{"class":46},[36,255,51],{"class":50},[36,257,55],{"class":54},[36,259,59],{"class":58},[36,261,55],{"class":54},[36,263,64],{"class":50},[36,265,67],{"class":54},[36,267,70],{"class":58},[36,269,55],{"class":54},[36,271,75],{"class":50},[36,273,67],{"class":54},[36,275,80],{"class":58},[36,277,55],{"class":54},[36,279,64],{"class":50},[36,281,88],{"class":87},[36,283,91],{"class":50},[36,285,286,289,291,293,295,297,299,301,303,305,307],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,287,288],{"class":42},"extra ",[36,290,47],{"class":46},[36,292,51],{"class":50},[36,294,55],{"class":54},[36,296,106],{"class":58},[36,298,55],{"class":54},[36,300,64],{"class":50},[36,302,67],{"class":54},[36,304,115],{"class":58},[36,306,55],{"class":54},[36,308,91],{"class":50},[36,310,311],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,312,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,314,315,317,319,322,324],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,316,145],{"class":42},[36,318,47],{"class":46},[36,320,321],{"class":42}," person ",[36,323,153],{"class":46},[36,325,326],{"class":42}," extra\n",[36,328,329],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,330,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,332,333,335,337,339],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,334,163],{"class":162},[36,336,166],{"class":50},[36,338,170],{"class":169},[36,340,173],{"class":50},[36,342,344,346,348,351],{"class":38,"line":343},7,[36,345,163],{"class":162},[36,347,166],{"class":50},[36,349,350],{"class":169},"person",[36,352,173],{"class":50},[36,354,356,358,360,363],{"class":38,"line":355},8,[36,357,163],{"class":162},[36,359,166],{"class":50},[36,361,362],{"class":169},"extra",[36,364,173],{"class":50},[14,366,367],{},"Output:",[26,369,371],{"className":28,"code":370,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'city': 'Lima'}\n",[33,372,373,424,456],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,374,375,378,381,383,385,387,390,392,394,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418,420,422],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,376,377],{"class":50},"{",[36,379,380],{"class":54},"'",[36,382,59],{"class":58},[36,384,380],{"class":54},[36,386,64],{"class":50},[36,388,389],{"class":54}," '",[36,391,70],{"class":58},[36,393,380],{"class":54},[36,395,75],{"class":50},[36,397,389],{"class":54},[36,399,80],{"class":58},[36,401,380],{"class":54},[36,403,64],{"class":50},[36,405,88],{"class":87},[36,407,75],{"class":50},[36,409,389],{"class":54},[36,411,106],{"class":58},[36,413,380],{"class":54},[36,415,64],{"class":50},[36,417,389],{"class":54},[36,419,115],{"class":58},[36,421,380],{"class":54},[36,423,91],{"class":50},[36,425,426,428,430,432,434,436,438,440,442,444,446,448,450,452,454],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,427,377],{"class":50},[36,429,380],{"class":54},[36,431,59],{"class":58},[36,433,380],{"class":54},[36,435,64],{"class":50},[36,437,389],{"class":54},[36,439,70],{"class":58},[36,441,380],{"class":54},[36,443,75],{"class":50},[36,445,389],{"class":54},[36,447,80],{"class":58},[36,449,380],{"class":54},[36,451,64],{"class":50},[36,453,88],{"class":87},[36,455,91],{"class":50},[36,457,458,460,462,464,466,468,470,472,474],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,459,377],{"class":50},[36,461,380],{"class":54},[36,463,106],{"class":58},[36,465,380],{"class":54},[36,467,64],{"class":50},[36,469,389],{"class":54},[36,471,115],{"class":58},[36,473,380],{"class":54},[36,475,91],{"class":50},[238,477,479],{"id":478},"what-to-notice","What to notice",[195,481,482,487,492],{},[198,483,484,486],{},[33,485,170],{}," is a new dictionary",[198,488,489,491],{},[33,490,350],{}," is unchanged",[198,493,494,491],{},[33,495,362],{},[14,497,498],{},"If the same key exists in both dictionaries, the value on the right side wins:",[26,500,502],{"className":28,"code":501,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Quito\"}\ndict2 = {\"age\": 21}\n\nmerged = dict1 | dict2\nprint(merged)\n",[33,503,504,541,561,565,577],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,505,506,508,510,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,537,539],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,507,43],{"class":42},[36,509,47],{"class":46},[36,511,51],{"class":50},[36,513,55],{"class":54},[36,515,80],{"class":58},[36,517,55],{"class":54},[36,519,64],{"class":50},[36,521,88],{"class":87},[36,523,75],{"class":50},[36,525,67],{"class":54},[36,527,106],{"class":58},[36,529,55],{"class":54},[36,531,64],{"class":50},[36,533,67],{"class":54},[36,535,536],{"class":58},"Quito",[36,538,55],{"class":54},[36,540,91],{"class":50},[36,542,543,545,547,549,551,553,555,557,559],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,544,97],{"class":42},[36,546,47],{"class":46},[36,548,51],{"class":50},[36,550,55],{"class":54},[36,552,80],{"class":58},[36,554,55],{"class":54},[36,556,64],{"class":50},[36,558,130],{"class":87},[36,560,91],{"class":50},[36,562,563],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,564,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,566,567,569,571,573,575],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,568,145],{"class":42},[36,570,47],{"class":46},[36,572,150],{"class":42},[36,574,153],{"class":46},[36,576,156],{"class":42},[36,578,579,581,583,585],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,580,163],{"class":162},[36,582,166],{"class":50},[36,584,170],{"class":169},[36,586,173],{"class":50},[14,588,367],{},[26,590,592],{"className":28,"code":591,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'age': 21, 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[33,593,594],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,595,596,598,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,620,622,624],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,597,377],{"class":50},[36,599,380],{"class":54},[36,601,80],{"class":58},[36,603,380],{"class":54},[36,605,64],{"class":50},[36,607,130],{"class":87},[36,609,75],{"class":50},[36,611,389],{"class":54},[36,613,106],{"class":58},[36,615,380],{"class":54},[36,617,64],{"class":50},[36,619,389],{"class":54},[36,621,536],{"class":58},[36,623,380],{"class":54},[36,625,91],{"class":50},[14,627,628,629,634],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[630,631,633],"a",{"href":632},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained","Python dictionaries explained",".",[21,636,638,639,642],{"id":637},"merge-dictionaries-with-unpacking","Merge dictionaries with ",[33,640,641],{},"**"," unpacking",[14,644,645,647],{},[33,646,641],{}," unpacking is another common way to merge dictionaries.",[14,649,225],{},[195,651,652,655,657],{},[198,653,654],{},"You need support for Python 3.5+",[198,656,233],{},[198,658,659],{},"You want to combine multiple dictionaries in one expression",[238,661,241],{"id":662},"example-1",[26,664,666],{"className":28,"code":665,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\ndict2 = {\"city\": \"Lima\"}\ndict3 = {\"country\": \"Peru\"}\n\nmerged = {**dict1, **dict2, **dict3}\n\nprint(merged)\n",[33,667,668,704,728,755,759,789,793],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,669,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692,694,696,698,700,702],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,671,43],{"class":42},[36,673,47],{"class":46},[36,675,51],{"class":50},[36,677,55],{"class":54},[36,679,59],{"class":58},[36,681,55],{"class":54},[36,683,64],{"class":50},[36,685,67],{"class":54},[36,687,70],{"class":58},[36,689,55],{"class":54},[36,691,75],{"class":50},[36,693,67],{"class":54},[36,695,80],{"class":58},[36,697,55],{"class":54},[36,699,64],{"class":50},[36,701,88],{"class":87},[36,703,91],{"class":50},[36,705,706,708,710,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,707,97],{"class":42},[36,709,47],{"class":46},[36,711,51],{"class":50},[36,713,55],{"class":54},[36,715,106],{"class":58},[36,717,55],{"class":54},[36,719,64],{"class":50},[36,721,67],{"class":54},[36,723,115],{"class":58},[36,725,55],{"class":54},[36,727,91],{"class":50},[36,729,730,733,735,737,739,742,744,746,748,751,753],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,731,732],{"class":42},"dict3 ",[36,734,47],{"class":46},[36,736,51],{"class":50},[36,738,55],{"class":54},[36,740,741],{"class":58},"country",[36,743,55],{"class":54},[36,745,64],{"class":50},[36,747,67],{"class":54},[36,749,750],{"class":58},"Peru",[36,752,55],{"class":54},[36,754,91],{"class":50},[36,756,757],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,758,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,760,761,763,765,767,769,772,774,777,780,782,784,787],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,762,145],{"class":42},[36,764,47],{"class":46},[36,766,51],{"class":50},[36,768,641],{"class":46},[36,770,771],{"class":42},"dict1",[36,773,75],{"class":50},[36,775,776],{"class":46}," **",[36,778,779],{"class":42},"dict2",[36,781,75],{"class":50},[36,783,776],{"class":46},[36,785,786],{"class":42},"dict3",[36,788,91],{"class":50},[36,790,791],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,792,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,794,795,797,799,801],{"class":38,"line":343},[36,796,163],{"class":162},[36,798,166],{"class":50},[36,800,170],{"class":169},[36,802,173],{"class":50},[14,804,367],{},[26,806,808],{"className":28,"code":807,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima', 'country': 'Peru'}\n",[33,809,810],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,811,812,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,813,377],{"class":50},[36,815,380],{"class":54},[36,817,59],{"class":58},[36,819,380],{"class":54},[36,821,64],{"class":50},[36,823,389],{"class":54},[36,825,70],{"class":58},[36,827,380],{"class":54},[36,829,75],{"class":50},[36,831,389],{"class":54},[36,833,80],{"class":58},[36,835,380],{"class":54},[36,837,64],{"class":50},[36,839,88],{"class":87},[36,841,75],{"class":50},[36,843,389],{"class":54},[36,845,106],{"class":58},[36,847,380],{"class":54},[36,849,64],{"class":50},[36,851,389],{"class":54},[36,853,115],{"class":58},[36,855,380],{"class":54},[36,857,75],{"class":50},[36,859,389],{"class":54},[36,861,741],{"class":58},[36,863,380],{"class":54},[36,865,64],{"class":50},[36,867,389],{"class":54},[36,869,750],{"class":58},[36,871,380],{"class":54},[36,873,91],{"class":50},[14,875,876,877,879],{},"Like the ",[33,878,153],{}," operator, this creates a new dictionary.",[238,881,883,884],{"id":882},"duplicate-keys-with","Duplicate keys with ",[33,885,641],{},[14,887,888],{},"Later dictionaries overwrite earlier ones:",[26,890,892],{"className":28,"code":891,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\ndict2 = {\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\n\nmerged = {**dict1, **dict2}\nprint(merged)\n",[33,893,894,930,966,970,990],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,895,896,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,897,43],{"class":42},[36,899,47],{"class":46},[36,901,51],{"class":50},[36,903,55],{"class":54},[36,905,59],{"class":58},[36,907,55],{"class":54},[36,909,64],{"class":50},[36,911,67],{"class":54},[36,913,70],{"class":58},[36,915,55],{"class":54},[36,917,75],{"class":50},[36,919,67],{"class":54},[36,921,80],{"class":58},[36,923,55],{"class":54},[36,925,64],{"class":50},[36,927,88],{"class":87},[36,929,91],{"class":50},[36,931,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,933,97],{"class":42},[36,935,47],{"class":46},[36,937,51],{"class":50},[36,939,55],{"class":54},[36,941,80],{"class":58},[36,943,55],{"class":54},[36,945,64],{"class":50},[36,947,130],{"class":87},[36,949,75],{"class":50},[36,951,67],{"class":54},[36,953,106],{"class":58},[36,955,55],{"class":54},[36,957,64],{"class":50},[36,959,67],{"class":54},[36,961,115],{"class":58},[36,963,55],{"class":54},[36,965,91],{"class":50},[36,967,968],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,969,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,971,972,974,976,978,980,982,984,986,988],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,973,145],{"class":42},[36,975,47],{"class":46},[36,977,51],{"class":50},[36,979,641],{"class":46},[36,981,771],{"class":42},[36,983,75],{"class":50},[36,985,776],{"class":46},[36,987,779],{"class":42},[36,989,91],{"class":50},[36,991,992,994,996,998],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,993,163],{"class":162},[36,995,166],{"class":50},[36,997,170],{"class":169},[36,999,173],{"class":50},[14,1001,367],{},[26,1003,1005],{"className":28,"code":1004,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[33,1006,1007],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1008,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1010,377],{"class":50},[36,1012,380],{"class":54},[36,1014,59],{"class":58},[36,1016,380],{"class":54},[36,1018,64],{"class":50},[36,1020,389],{"class":54},[36,1022,70],{"class":58},[36,1024,380],{"class":54},[36,1026,75],{"class":50},[36,1028,389],{"class":54},[36,1030,80],{"class":58},[36,1032,380],{"class":54},[36,1034,64],{"class":50},[36,1036,130],{"class":87},[36,1038,75],{"class":50},[36,1040,389],{"class":54},[36,1042,106],{"class":58},[36,1044,380],{"class":54},[36,1046,64],{"class":50},[36,1048,389],{"class":54},[36,1050,115],{"class":58},[36,1052,380],{"class":54},[36,1054,91],{"class":50},[21,1056,1058,1059],{"id":1057},"merge-into-an-existing-dictionary-with-update","Merge into an existing dictionary with ",[33,1060,1061],{},"update()",[14,1063,1064,1065,1067],{},"Use ",[33,1066,1061],{}," when you want to change an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[14,1069,1070],{},"This is useful when:",[195,1072,1073,1076,1079],{},[198,1074,1075],{},"You already have a dictionary",[198,1077,1078],{},"You want to add more key-value pairs to it",[198,1080,1081],{},"You are okay with modifying it directly",[238,1083,241],{"id":1084},"example-2",[26,1086,1088],{"className":28,"code":1087,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nextra = {\"city\": \"Lima\", \"age\": 21}\n\nperson.update(extra)\n\nprint(person)\n",[33,1089,1090,1126,1162,1166,1181,1185],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1091,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1093,251],{"class":42},[36,1095,47],{"class":46},[36,1097,51],{"class":50},[36,1099,55],{"class":54},[36,1101,59],{"class":58},[36,1103,55],{"class":54},[36,1105,64],{"class":50},[36,1107,67],{"class":54},[36,1109,70],{"class":58},[36,1111,55],{"class":54},[36,1113,75],{"class":50},[36,1115,67],{"class":54},[36,1117,80],{"class":58},[36,1119,55],{"class":54},[36,1121,64],{"class":50},[36,1123,88],{"class":87},[36,1125,91],{"class":50},[36,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1129,288],{"class":42},[36,1131,47],{"class":46},[36,1133,51],{"class":50},[36,1135,55],{"class":54},[36,1137,106],{"class":58},[36,1139,55],{"class":54},[36,1141,64],{"class":50},[36,1143,67],{"class":54},[36,1145,115],{"class":58},[36,1147,55],{"class":54},[36,1149,75],{"class":50},[36,1151,67],{"class":54},[36,1153,80],{"class":58},[36,1155,55],{"class":54},[36,1157,64],{"class":50},[36,1159,130],{"class":87},[36,1161,91],{"class":50},[36,1163,1164],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,1165,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,1167,1168,1170,1172,1175,1177,1179],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,1169,350],{"class":42},[36,1171,634],{"class":50},[36,1173,1174],{"class":169},"update",[36,1176,166],{"class":50},[36,1178,362],{"class":169},[36,1180,173],{"class":50},[36,1182,1183],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,1184,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,1186,1187,1189,1191,1193],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,1188,163],{"class":162},[36,1190,166],{"class":50},[36,1192,350],{"class":169},[36,1194,173],{"class":50},[14,1196,367],{},[26,1198,1199],{"className":28,"code":1004,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,1200,1201],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1202,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1204,377],{"class":50},[36,1206,380],{"class":54},[36,1208,59],{"class":58},[36,1210,380],{"class":54},[36,1212,64],{"class":50},[36,1214,389],{"class":54},[36,1216,70],{"class":58},[36,1218,380],{"class":54},[36,1220,75],{"class":50},[36,1222,389],{"class":54},[36,1224,80],{"class":58},[36,1226,380],{"class":54},[36,1228,64],{"class":50},[36,1230,130],{"class":87},[36,1232,75],{"class":50},[36,1234,389],{"class":54},[36,1236,106],{"class":58},[36,1238,380],{"class":54},[36,1240,64],{"class":50},[36,1242,389],{"class":54},[36,1244,115],{"class":58},[36,1246,380],{"class":54},[36,1248,91],{"class":50},[238,1250,1252],{"id":1251},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,1254,1255,1257],{},[33,1256,1061],{}," changes the original dictionary in place.",[14,1259,1260,1261,1263,1264,1268],{},"That means ",[33,1262,350],{}," itself is modified. It does ",[1265,1266,1267],"strong",{},"not"," create a new dictionary.",[14,1270,1271],{},"If you want to keep the original unchanged, make a copy first:",[26,1273,1275],{"className":28,"code":1274,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nextra = {\"city\": \"Lima\", \"age\": 21}\n\nmerged = person.copy()\nmerged.update(extra)\n\nprint(merged)\nprint(person)\n",[33,1276,1277,1313,1349,1353,1370,1384,1388,1398],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1278,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1280,251],{"class":42},[36,1282,47],{"class":46},[36,1284,51],{"class":50},[36,1286,55],{"class":54},[36,1288,59],{"class":58},[36,1290,55],{"class":54},[36,1292,64],{"class":50},[36,1294,67],{"class":54},[36,1296,70],{"class":58},[36,1298,55],{"class":54},[36,1300,75],{"class":50},[36,1302,67],{"class":54},[36,1304,80],{"class":58},[36,1306,55],{"class":54},[36,1308,64],{"class":50},[36,1310,88],{"class":87},[36,1312,91],{"class":50},[36,1314,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1316,288],{"class":42},[36,1318,47],{"class":46},[36,1320,51],{"class":50},[36,1322,55],{"class":54},[36,1324,106],{"class":58},[36,1326,55],{"class":54},[36,1328,64],{"class":50},[36,1330,67],{"class":54},[36,1332,115],{"class":58},[36,1334,55],{"class":54},[36,1336,75],{"class":50},[36,1338,67],{"class":54},[36,1340,80],{"class":58},[36,1342,55],{"class":54},[36,1344,64],{"class":50},[36,1346,130],{"class":87},[36,1348,91],{"class":50},[36,1350,1351],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,1352,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,1354,1355,1357,1359,1362,1364,1367],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,1356,145],{"class":42},[36,1358,47],{"class":46},[36,1360,1361],{"class":42}," person",[36,1363,634],{"class":50},[36,1365,1366],{"class":169},"copy",[36,1368,1369],{"class":50},"()\n",[36,1371,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,1373,170],{"class":42},[36,1375,634],{"class":50},[36,1377,1174],{"class":169},[36,1379,166],{"class":50},[36,1381,362],{"class":169},[36,1383,173],{"class":50},[36,1385,1386],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,1387,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,1389,1390,1392,1394,1396],{"class":38,"line":343},[36,1391,163],{"class":162},[36,1393,166],{"class":50},[36,1395,170],{"class":169},[36,1397,173],{"class":50},[36,1399,1400,1402,1404,1406],{"class":38,"line":355},[36,1401,163],{"class":162},[36,1403,166],{"class":50},[36,1405,350],{"class":169},[36,1407,173],{"class":50},[14,1409,367],{},[26,1411,1413],{"className":28,"code":1412,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[33,1414,1415,1463],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1416,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1418,377],{"class":50},[36,1420,380],{"class":54},[36,1422,59],{"class":58},[36,1424,380],{"class":54},[36,1426,64],{"class":50},[36,1428,389],{"class":54},[36,1430,70],{"class":58},[36,1432,380],{"class":54},[36,1434,75],{"class":50},[36,1436,389],{"class":54},[36,1438,80],{"class":58},[36,1440,380],{"class":54},[36,1442,64],{"class":50},[36,1444,130],{"class":87},[36,1446,75],{"class":50},[36,1448,389],{"class":54},[36,1450,106],{"class":58},[36,1452,380],{"class":54},[36,1454,64],{"class":50},[36,1456,389],{"class":54},[36,1458,115],{"class":58},[36,1460,380],{"class":54},[36,1462,91],{"class":50},[36,1464,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1466,377],{"class":50},[36,1468,380],{"class":54},[36,1470,59],{"class":58},[36,1472,380],{"class":54},[36,1474,64],{"class":50},[36,1476,389],{"class":54},[36,1478,70],{"class":58},[36,1480,380],{"class":54},[36,1482,75],{"class":50},[36,1484,389],{"class":54},[36,1486,80],{"class":58},[36,1488,380],{"class":54},[36,1490,64],{"class":50},[36,1492,88],{"class":87},[36,1494,91],{"class":50},[14,1496,1497,1498,634],{},"For more detail, see the ",[630,1499,1501,1502,1504],{"href":1500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","Python dictionary ",[33,1503,1061],{}," method",[21,1506,1508],{"id":1507},"what-happens-with-duplicate-keys","What happens with duplicate keys",[14,1510,1511],{},"Python dictionaries cannot store the same key twice.",[14,1513,1514],{},"So when you merge dictionaries and the same key appears more than once, one value must replace the other.",[14,1516,1517],{},"Usually:",[195,1519,1520,1523],{},[198,1521,1522],{},"The later dictionary wins",[198,1524,1525],{},"The earlier value is overwritten",[238,1527,1529],{"id":1528},"small-example","Small example",[26,1531,1533],{"className":28,"code":1532,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"color\": \"blue\", \"size\": \"M\"}\ndict2 = {\"color\": \"green\"}\n\nprint(dict1 | dict2)\nprint({**dict1, **dict2})\n",[33,1534,1535,1579,1604,1608,1623],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1536,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1548,1550,1552,1554,1557,1559,1561,1563,1566,1568,1570,1572,1575,1577],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1538,43],{"class":42},[36,1540,47],{"class":46},[36,1542,51],{"class":50},[36,1544,55],{"class":54},[36,1546,1547],{"class":58},"color",[36,1549,55],{"class":54},[36,1551,64],{"class":50},[36,1553,67],{"class":54},[36,1555,1556],{"class":58},"blue",[36,1558,55],{"class":54},[36,1560,75],{"class":50},[36,1562,67],{"class":54},[36,1564,1565],{"class":58},"size",[36,1567,55],{"class":54},[36,1569,64],{"class":50},[36,1571,67],{"class":54},[36,1573,1574],{"class":58},"M",[36,1576,55],{"class":54},[36,1578,91],{"class":50},[36,1580,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1600,1602],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1582,97],{"class":42},[36,1584,47],{"class":46},[36,1586,51],{"class":50},[36,1588,55],{"class":54},[36,1590,1547],{"class":58},[36,1592,55],{"class":54},[36,1594,64],{"class":50},[36,1596,67],{"class":54},[36,1598,1599],{"class":58},"green",[36,1601,55],{"class":54},[36,1603,91],{"class":50},[36,1605,1606],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,1607,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1621],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,1611,163],{"class":162},[36,1613,166],{"class":50},[36,1615,43],{"class":169},[36,1617,153],{"class":46},[36,1619,1620],{"class":169}," dict2",[36,1622,173],{"class":50},[36,1624,1625,1627,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,1626,163],{"class":162},[36,1628,1629],{"class":50},"({",[36,1631,641],{"class":46},[36,1633,771],{"class":169},[36,1635,75],{"class":50},[36,1637,776],{"class":46},[36,1639,779],{"class":169},[36,1641,1642],{"class":50},"})\n",[14,1644,367],{},[26,1646,1648],{"className":28,"code":1647,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'color': 'green', 'size': 'M'}\n{'color': 'green', 'size': 'M'}\n",[33,1649,1650,1686],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1651,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1653,377],{"class":50},[36,1655,380],{"class":54},[36,1657,1547],{"class":58},[36,1659,380],{"class":54},[36,1661,64],{"class":50},[36,1663,389],{"class":54},[36,1665,1599],{"class":58},[36,1667,380],{"class":54},[36,1669,75],{"class":50},[36,1671,389],{"class":54},[36,1673,1565],{"class":58},[36,1675,380],{"class":54},[36,1677,64],{"class":50},[36,1679,389],{"class":54},[36,1681,1574],{"class":58},[36,1683,380],{"class":54},[36,1685,91],{"class":50},[36,1687,1688,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1689,377],{"class":50},[36,1691,380],{"class":54},[36,1693,1547],{"class":58},[36,1695,380],{"class":54},[36,1697,64],{"class":50},[36,1699,389],{"class":54},[36,1701,1599],{"class":58},[36,1703,380],{"class":54},[36,1705,75],{"class":50},[36,1707,389],{"class":54},[36,1709,1565],{"class":58},[36,1711,380],{"class":54},[36,1713,64],{"class":50},[36,1715,389],{"class":54},[36,1717,1574],{"class":58},[36,1719,380],{"class":54},[36,1721,91],{"class":50},[14,1723,1724,1725,1728,1729,1732,1733,1735],{},"In both cases, ",[33,1726,1727],{},"\"green\""," replaces ",[33,1730,1731],{},"\"blue\""," because ",[33,1734,779],{}," comes later.",[14,1737,1738],{},"If you need to keep both values, you cannot do that with the same dictionary key. You would need a different structure, such as a list:",[26,1740,1742],{"className":28,"code":1741,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"data = {\"color\": [\"blue\", \"green\"]}\nprint(data)\n",[33,1743,1744,1781],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1745,1746,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1747,1748],{"class":42},"data ",[36,1750,47],{"class":46},[36,1752,51],{"class":50},[36,1754,55],{"class":54},[36,1756,1547],{"class":58},[36,1758,55],{"class":54},[36,1760,64],{"class":50},[36,1762,1763],{"class":50}," [",[36,1765,55],{"class":54},[36,1767,1556],{"class":58},[36,1769,55],{"class":54},[36,1771,75],{"class":50},[36,1773,67],{"class":54},[36,1775,1599],{"class":58},[36,1777,55],{"class":54},[36,1779,1780],{"class":50},"]}\n",[36,1782,1783,1785,1787,1790],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1784,163],{"class":162},[36,1786,166],{"class":50},[36,1788,1789],{"class":169},"data",[36,1791,173],{"class":50},[14,1793,367],{},[26,1795,1797],{"className":28,"code":1796,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'color': ['blue', 'green']}\n",[33,1798,1799],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1800,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1802,377],{"class":50},[36,1804,380],{"class":54},[36,1806,1547],{"class":58},[36,1808,380],{"class":54},[36,1810,64],{"class":50},[36,1812,1763],{"class":50},[36,1814,380],{"class":54},[36,1816,1556],{"class":58},[36,1818,380],{"class":54},[36,1820,75],{"class":50},[36,1822,389],{"class":54},[36,1824,1599],{"class":58},[36,1826,380],{"class":54},[36,1828,1780],{"class":50},[21,1830,1832],{"id":1831},"how-to-merge-more-than-two-dictionaries","How to merge more than two dictionaries",[14,1834,1835,1836,1838,1839,1841],{},"You can merge more than two dictionaries with either multiple ",[33,1837,153],{}," operations or multiple ",[33,1840,641],{}," expressions.",[238,1843,1845,1846],{"id":1844},"using","Using ",[33,1847,153],{},[26,1849,1851],{"className":28,"code":1850,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"a\": 1}\ndict2 = {\"b\": 2}\ndict3 = {\"c\": 3}\n\nmerged = dict1 | dict2 | dict3\nprint(merged)\n",[33,1852,1853,1874,1896,1918,1922,1940],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1854,1855,1857,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1872],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1856,43],{"class":42},[36,1858,47],{"class":46},[36,1860,51],{"class":50},[36,1862,55],{"class":54},[36,1864,630],{"class":58},[36,1866,55],{"class":54},[36,1868,64],{"class":50},[36,1870,1871],{"class":87}," 1",[36,1873,91],{"class":50},[36,1875,1876,1878,1880,1882,1884,1887,1889,1891,1894],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,1877,97],{"class":42},[36,1879,47],{"class":46},[36,1881,51],{"class":50},[36,1883,55],{"class":54},[36,1885,1886],{"class":58},"b",[36,1888,55],{"class":54},[36,1890,64],{"class":50},[36,1892,1893],{"class":87}," 2",[36,1895,91],{"class":50},[36,1897,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1909,1911,1913,1916],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,1899,732],{"class":42},[36,1901,47],{"class":46},[36,1903,51],{"class":50},[36,1905,55],{"class":54},[36,1907,1908],{"class":58},"c",[36,1910,55],{"class":54},[36,1912,64],{"class":50},[36,1914,1915],{"class":87}," 3",[36,1917,91],{"class":50},[36,1919,1920],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,1921,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,1923,1924,1926,1928,1930,1932,1935,1937],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,1925,145],{"class":42},[36,1927,47],{"class":46},[36,1929,150],{"class":42},[36,1931,153],{"class":46},[36,1933,1934],{"class":42}," dict2 ",[36,1936,153],{"class":46},[36,1938,1939],{"class":42}," dict3\n",[36,1941,1942,1944,1946,1948],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,1943,163],{"class":162},[36,1945,166],{"class":50},[36,1947,170],{"class":169},[36,1949,173],{"class":50},[14,1951,367],{},[26,1953,1955],{"className":28,"code":1954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[33,1956,1957],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,1958,1959,1961,1963,1965,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,1960,377],{"class":50},[36,1962,380],{"class":54},[36,1964,630],{"class":58},[36,1966,380],{"class":54},[36,1968,64],{"class":50},[36,1970,1871],{"class":87},[36,1972,75],{"class":50},[36,1974,389],{"class":54},[36,1976,1886],{"class":58},[36,1978,380],{"class":54},[36,1980,64],{"class":50},[36,1982,1893],{"class":87},[36,1984,75],{"class":50},[36,1986,389],{"class":54},[36,1988,1908],{"class":58},[36,1990,380],{"class":54},[36,1992,64],{"class":50},[36,1994,1915],{"class":87},[36,1996,91],{"class":50},[238,1998,1845,2000],{"id":1999},"using-1",[33,2001,641],{},[26,2003,2005],{"className":28,"code":2004,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"a\": 1}\ndict2 = {\"b\": 2}\ndict3 = {\"c\": 3}\n\nmerged = {**dict1, **dict2, **dict3}\nprint(merged)\n",[33,2006,2007,2027,2047,2067,2071,2097],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2008,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2021,2023,2025],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2010,43],{"class":42},[36,2012,47],{"class":46},[36,2014,51],{"class":50},[36,2016,55],{"class":54},[36,2018,630],{"class":58},[36,2020,55],{"class":54},[36,2022,64],{"class":50},[36,2024,1871],{"class":87},[36,2026,91],{"class":50},[36,2028,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,2030,97],{"class":42},[36,2032,47],{"class":46},[36,2034,51],{"class":50},[36,2036,55],{"class":54},[36,2038,1886],{"class":58},[36,2040,55],{"class":54},[36,2042,64],{"class":50},[36,2044,1893],{"class":87},[36,2046,91],{"class":50},[36,2048,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,2050,732],{"class":42},[36,2052,47],{"class":46},[36,2054,51],{"class":50},[36,2056,55],{"class":54},[36,2058,1908],{"class":58},[36,2060,55],{"class":54},[36,2062,64],{"class":50},[36,2064,1915],{"class":87},[36,2066,91],{"class":50},[36,2068,2069],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,2070,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,2072,2073,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,2074,145],{"class":42},[36,2076,47],{"class":46},[36,2078,51],{"class":50},[36,2080,641],{"class":46},[36,2082,771],{"class":42},[36,2084,75],{"class":50},[36,2086,776],{"class":46},[36,2088,779],{"class":42},[36,2090,75],{"class":50},[36,2092,776],{"class":46},[36,2094,786],{"class":42},[36,2096,91],{"class":50},[36,2098,2099,2101,2103,2105],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,2100,163],{"class":162},[36,2102,166],{"class":50},[36,2104,170],{"class":169},[36,2106,173],{"class":50},[14,2108,367],{},[26,2110,2111],{"className":28,"code":1954,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},[33,2112,2113],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2114,2115,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2135,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2116,377],{"class":50},[36,2118,380],{"class":54},[36,2120,630],{"class":58},[36,2122,380],{"class":54},[36,2124,64],{"class":50},[36,2126,1871],{"class":87},[36,2128,75],{"class":50},[36,2130,389],{"class":54},[36,2132,1886],{"class":58},[36,2134,380],{"class":54},[36,2136,64],{"class":50},[36,2138,1893],{"class":87},[36,2140,75],{"class":50},[36,2142,389],{"class":54},[36,2144,1908],{"class":58},[36,2146,380],{"class":54},[36,2148,64],{"class":50},[36,2150,1915],{"class":87},[36,2152,91],{"class":50},[238,2154,2156],{"id":2155},"order-still-matters","Order still matters",[14,2158,2159],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value is kept:",[26,2161,2163],{"className":28,"code":2162,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"age\": 18}\ndict2 = {\"age\": 20}\ndict3 = {\"age\": 22}\n\nmerged = dict1 | dict2 | dict3\nprint(merged)\n",[33,2164,2165,2186,2206,2227,2231,2247],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2166,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179,2181,2184],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2168,43],{"class":42},[36,2170,47],{"class":46},[36,2172,51],{"class":50},[36,2174,55],{"class":54},[36,2176,80],{"class":58},[36,2178,55],{"class":54},[36,2180,64],{"class":50},[36,2182,2183],{"class":87}," 18",[36,2185,91],{"class":50},[36,2187,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,2189,97],{"class":42},[36,2191,47],{"class":46},[36,2193,51],{"class":50},[36,2195,55],{"class":54},[36,2197,80],{"class":58},[36,2199,55],{"class":54},[36,2201,64],{"class":50},[36,2203,88],{"class":87},[36,2205,91],{"class":50},[36,2207,2208,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220,2222,2225],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,2209,732],{"class":42},[36,2211,47],{"class":46},[36,2213,51],{"class":50},[36,2215,55],{"class":54},[36,2217,80],{"class":58},[36,2219,55],{"class":54},[36,2221,64],{"class":50},[36,2223,2224],{"class":87}," 22",[36,2226,91],{"class":50},[36,2228,2229],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,2230,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,2232,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,2234,145],{"class":42},[36,2236,47],{"class":46},[36,2238,150],{"class":42},[36,2240,153],{"class":46},[36,2242,1934],{"class":42},[36,2244,153],{"class":46},[36,2246,1939],{"class":42},[36,2248,2249,2251,2253,2255],{"class":38,"line":176},[36,2250,163],{"class":162},[36,2252,166],{"class":50},[36,2254,170],{"class":169},[36,2256,173],{"class":50},[14,2258,367],{},[26,2260,2262],{"className":28,"code":2261,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'age': 22}\n",[33,2263,2264],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2265,2266,2268,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2267,377],{"class":50},[36,2269,380],{"class":54},[36,2271,80],{"class":58},[36,2273,380],{"class":54},[36,2275,64],{"class":50},[36,2277,2224],{"class":87},[36,2279,91],{"class":50},[21,2281,2283],{"id":2282},"how-to-choose-the-right-method","How to choose the right method",[14,2285,2286],{},"Choose the method based on your Python version and whether you want a new dictionary or not.",[238,2288,1064,2290,2292],{"id":2289},"use-when",[33,2291,153],{}," when",[195,2294,2295,2298,2301],{},[198,2296,2297],{},"You are using Python 3.9+",[198,2299,2300],{},"You want clean, readable syntax",[198,2302,233],{},[238,2304,1064,2306,2308],{"id":2305},"use-unpacking-when",[33,2307,641],{}," unpacking when",[195,2310,2311,2313,2315],{},[198,2312,654],{},[198,2314,233],{},[198,2316,2317],{},"You want to combine several dictionaries in one expression",[238,2319,1064,2321,2292],{"id":2320},"use-update-when",[33,2322,1061],{},[195,2324,2325,2328],{},[198,2326,2327],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[198,2329,2330],{},"You do not need to keep the original unchanged",[14,2332,2333],{},"A simple rule:",[195,2335,2336,2348],{},[198,2337,2338,2339,2342,2343,2345,2346],{},"Want a ",[1265,2340,2341],{},"new"," dictionary: use ",[33,2344,153],{}," or ",[33,2347,641],{},[198,2349,2350,2351,2354,2355],{},"Want to ",[1265,2352,2353],{},"change"," an existing dictionary: use ",[33,2356,1061],{},[21,2358,2360],{"id":2359},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,2362,2363],{},"These are common problems beginners run into when merging dictionaries.",[238,2365,1845,2367,2369],{"id":2366},"using-update-without-realizing-it-changes-the-original-dictionary",[33,2368,1061],{}," without realizing it changes the original dictionary",[14,2371,2372],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[26,2374,2376],{"className":28,"code":2375,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\ndict2 = {\"city\": \"Lima\"}\n\ndict1.update(dict2)\nprint(dict1)\n",[33,2377,2378,2402,2426,2430,2444],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2379,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2381,43],{"class":42},[36,2383,47],{"class":46},[36,2385,51],{"class":50},[36,2387,55],{"class":54},[36,2389,59],{"class":58},[36,2391,55],{"class":54},[36,2393,64],{"class":50},[36,2395,67],{"class":54},[36,2397,70],{"class":58},[36,2399,55],{"class":54},[36,2401,91],{"class":50},[36,2403,2404,2406,2408,2410,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,2405,97],{"class":42},[36,2407,47],{"class":46},[36,2409,51],{"class":50},[36,2411,55],{"class":54},[36,2413,106],{"class":58},[36,2415,55],{"class":54},[36,2417,64],{"class":50},[36,2419,67],{"class":54},[36,2421,115],{"class":58},[36,2423,55],{"class":54},[36,2425,91],{"class":50},[36,2427,2428],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,2429,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,2431,2432,2434,2436,2438,2440,2442],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,2433,771],{"class":42},[36,2435,634],{"class":50},[36,2437,1174],{"class":169},[36,2439,166],{"class":50},[36,2441,779],{"class":169},[36,2443,173],{"class":50},[36,2445,2446,2448,2450,2452],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,2447,163],{"class":162},[36,2449,166],{"class":50},[36,2451,771],{"class":169},[36,2453,173],{"class":50},[14,2455,2456,2457,2459],{},"After this, ",[33,2458,771],{}," is changed.",[238,2461,2463],{"id":2462},"expecting-python-to-keep-both-values-for-the-same-key","Expecting Python to keep both values for the same key",[14,2465,2466],{},"This will not happen in a normal dictionary merge:",[26,2468,2470],{"className":28,"code":2469,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"age\": 20}\ndict2 = {\"age\": 21}\n\nmerged = dict1 | dict2\nprint(merged)\n",[33,2471,2472,2492,2512,2516,2528],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2473,2474,2476,2478,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2475,43],{"class":42},[36,2477,47],{"class":46},[36,2479,51],{"class":50},[36,2481,55],{"class":54},[36,2483,80],{"class":58},[36,2485,55],{"class":54},[36,2487,64],{"class":50},[36,2489,88],{"class":87},[36,2491,91],{"class":50},[36,2493,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508,2510],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,2495,97],{"class":42},[36,2497,47],{"class":46},[36,2499,51],{"class":50},[36,2501,55],{"class":54},[36,2503,80],{"class":58},[36,2505,55],{"class":54},[36,2507,64],{"class":50},[36,2509,130],{"class":87},[36,2511,91],{"class":50},[36,2513,2514],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,2515,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,2517,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,2519,145],{"class":42},[36,2521,47],{"class":46},[36,2523,150],{"class":42},[36,2525,153],{"class":46},[36,2527,156],{"class":42},[36,2529,2530,2532,2534,2536],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,2531,163],{"class":162},[36,2533,166],{"class":50},[36,2535,170],{"class":169},[36,2537,173],{"class":50},[14,2539,367],{},[26,2541,2543],{"className":28,"code":2542,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'age': 21}\n",[33,2544,2545],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2546,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555,2557,2559],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2548,377],{"class":50},[36,2550,380],{"class":54},[36,2552,80],{"class":58},[36,2554,380],{"class":54},[36,2556,64],{"class":50},[36,2558,130],{"class":87},[36,2560,91],{"class":50},[14,2562,2563,2564,2566],{},"Only one ",[33,2565,80],{}," key can exist.",[238,2568,1845,2570,2572],{"id":2569},"using-in-an-older-python-version",[33,2571,153],{}," in an older Python version",[14,2574,2575,2576,2578],{},"If your Python version is older than 3.9, the dictionary ",[33,2577,153],{}," operator will not work.",[14,2580,2581],{},"Check your version with:",[26,2583,2587],{"className":2584,"code":2585,"language":2586,"meta":31,"style":31},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","python --version\n","bash",[33,2588,2589],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2590,2591,2594],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2592,30],{"class":2593},"sbgvK",[36,2595,2597],{"class":2596},"stzsN"," --version\n",[14,2599,2600],{},"If needed, use:",[26,2602,2604],{"className":28,"code":2603,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"merged = {**dict1, **dict2}\n",[33,2605,2606],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2607,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2609,145],{"class":42},[36,2611,47],{"class":46},[36,2613,51],{"class":50},[36,2615,641],{"class":46},[36,2617,771],{"class":42},[36,2619,75],{"class":50},[36,2621,776],{"class":46},[36,2623,779],{"class":42},[36,2625,91],{"class":50},[238,2627,2629],{"id":2628},"merging-in-the-wrong-order","Merging in the wrong order",[14,2631,2632],{},"Order matters when keys overlap.",[26,2634,2636],{"className":28,"code":2635,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"dict1 = {\"status\": \"draft\"}\ndict2 = {\"status\": \"published\"}\n\nprint(dict1 | dict2)\nprint(dict2 | dict1)\n",[33,2637,2638,2664,2689,2693,2707],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2639,2640,2642,2644,2646,2648,2651,2653,2655,2657,2660,2662],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2641,43],{"class":42},[36,2643,47],{"class":46},[36,2645,51],{"class":50},[36,2647,55],{"class":54},[36,2649,2650],{"class":58},"status",[36,2652,55],{"class":54},[36,2654,64],{"class":50},[36,2656,67],{"class":54},[36,2658,2659],{"class":58},"draft",[36,2661,55],{"class":54},[36,2663,91],{"class":50},[36,2665,2666,2668,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2685,2687],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,2667,97],{"class":42},[36,2669,47],{"class":46},[36,2671,51],{"class":50},[36,2673,55],{"class":54},[36,2675,2650],{"class":58},[36,2677,55],{"class":54},[36,2679,64],{"class":50},[36,2681,67],{"class":54},[36,2683,2684],{"class":58},"published",[36,2686,55],{"class":54},[36,2688,91],{"class":50},[36,2690,2691],{"class":38,"line":135},[36,2692,139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":138},[36,2694,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703,2705],{"class":38,"line":142},[36,2696,163],{"class":162},[36,2698,166],{"class":50},[36,2700,43],{"class":169},[36,2702,153],{"class":46},[36,2704,1620],{"class":169},[36,2706,173],{"class":50},[36,2708,2709,2711,2713,2715,2717,2720],{"class":38,"line":159},[36,2710,163],{"class":162},[36,2712,166],{"class":50},[36,2714,97],{"class":169},[36,2716,153],{"class":46},[36,2718,2719],{"class":169}," dict1",[36,2721,173],{"class":50},[14,2723,367],{},[26,2725,2727],{"className":28,"code":2726,"language":30,"meta":31,"style":31},"{'status': 'published'}\n{'status': 'draft'}\n",[33,2728,2729,2749],{"__ignoreMap":31},[36,2730,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2745,2747],{"class":38,"line":39},[36,2732,377],{"class":50},[36,2734,380],{"class":54},[36,2736,2650],{"class":58},[36,2738,380],{"class":54},[36,2740,64],{"class":50},[36,2742,389],{"class":54},[36,2744,2684],{"class":58},[36,2746,380],{"class":54},[36,2748,91],{"class":50},[36,2750,2751,2753,2755,2757,2759,2761,2763,2765,2767],{"class":38,"line":94},[36,2752,377],{"class":50},[36,2754,380],{"class":54},[36,2756,2650],{"class":58},[36,2758,380],{"class":54},[36,2760,64],{"class":50},[36,2762,389],{"class":54},[36,2764,2659],{"class":58},[36,2766,380],{"class":54},[36,2768,91],{"class":50},[21,2770,2772],{"id":2771},"faq","FAQ",[238,2774,2776],{"id":2775},"how-do-i-merge-two-dictionaries-in-python","How do I merge two dictionaries in Python?",[14,2778,1064,2779,2782,2783,2786,2787,2790,2791,634],{},[33,2780,2781],{},"dict1 | dict2"," in Python 3.9+, use ",[33,2784,2785],{},"{**dict1, **dict2}"," in Python 3.5+, or use ",[33,2788,2789],{},"dict1.update(dict2)"," if you want to change ",[33,2792,771],{},[238,2794,2796],{"id":2795},"which-value-is-kept-when-both-dictionaries-have-the-same-key","Which value is kept when both dictionaries have the same key?",[14,2798,2799],{},"The value from the later or right-side dictionary replaces the earlier one.",[238,2801,2803,2804,2806],{"id":2802},"does-update-create-a-new-dictionary","Does ",[33,2805,1061],{}," create a new dictionary?",[14,2808,2809,2810,2812],{},"No. ",[33,2811,1061],{}," modifies the existing dictionary.",[238,2814,2816],{"id":2815},"can-i-merge-more-than-two-dictionaries","Can I merge more than two dictionaries?",[14,2818,2819,2820,2822,2823,2825],{},"Yes. You can chain the ",[33,2821,153],{}," operator or use multiple ",[33,2824,641],{}," unpacking expressions.",[238,2827,2829,2830,2832],{"id":2828},"why-does-my-merge-method-not-work-with","Why does my merge method not work with ",[33,2831,153],{},"?",[14,2834,219,2835,2837],{},[33,2836,153],{}," operator for dictionaries needs Python 3.9 or later.",[21,2839,2841],{"id":2840},"see-also","See also",[195,2843,2844,2850,2856,2862,2868,2872],{},[198,2845,2846],{},[630,2847,1501,2848,1504],{"href":1500},[33,2849,1061],{},[198,2851,2852],{},[630,2853,2855],{"href":2854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[198,2857,2858],{},[630,2859,2861],{"href":2860},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[198,2863,2864],{},[630,2865,2867],{"href":2866},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[198,2869,2870],{},[630,2871,633],{"href":632},[198,2873,2874],{},[630,2875,2877],{"href":2876},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2879,2880,2881],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbgvK, html code.shiki .sbgvK{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .stzsN, html code.shiki .stzsN{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":31,"searchDepth":94,"depth":94,"links":2883},[2884,2885,2886,2891,2897,2902,2905,2912,2920,2928,2937],{"id":23,"depth":94,"text":24},{"id":192,"depth":94,"text":193},{"id":212,"depth":94,"text":2887,"children":2888},"Merge dictionaries with the | operator",[2889,2890],{"id":240,"depth":135,"text":241},{"id":478,"depth":135,"text":479},{"id":637,"depth":94,"text":2892,"children":2893},"Merge dictionaries with ** unpacking",[2894,2895],{"id":662,"depth":135,"text":241},{"id":882,"depth":135,"text":2896},"Duplicate keys with **",{"id":1057,"depth":94,"text":2898,"children":2899},"Merge into an existing dictionary with update()",[2900,2901],{"id":1084,"depth":135,"text":241},{"id":1251,"depth":135,"text":1252},{"id":1507,"depth":94,"text":1508,"children":2903},[2904],{"id":1528,"depth":135,"text":1529},{"id":1831,"depth":94,"text":1832,"children":2906},[2907,2909,2911],{"id":1844,"depth":135,"text":2908},"Using |",{"id":1999,"depth":135,"text":2910},"Using **",{"id":2155,"depth":135,"text":2156},{"id":2282,"depth":94,"text":2283,"children":2913},[2914,2916,2918],{"id":2289,"depth":135,"text":2915},"Use | when",{"id":2305,"depth":135,"text":2917},"Use ** unpacking when",{"id":2320,"depth":135,"text":2919},"Use update() when",{"id":2359,"depth":94,"text":2360,"children":2921},[2922,2924,2925,2927],{"id":2366,"depth":135,"text":2923},"Using update() without realizing it changes the original dictionary",{"id":2462,"depth":135,"text":2463},{"id":2569,"depth":135,"text":2926},"Using | in an older Python version",{"id":2628,"depth":135,"text":2629},{"id":2771,"depth":94,"text":2772,"children":2929},[2930,2931,2932,2934,2935],{"id":2775,"depth":135,"text":2776},{"id":2795,"depth":135,"text":2796},{"id":2802,"depth":135,"text":2933},"Does update() create a new dictionary?",{"id":2815,"depth":135,"text":2816},{"id":2828,"depth":135,"text":2936},"Why does my merge method not work with |?",{"id":2840,"depth":94,"text":2841},"Master how to merge dictionaries in python in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python",{"title":5,"description":2938},"how-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python","zCWvRcnpI1gVqYpZYB1SW2bHkMRjTfqUaHNqooGSZw4",1777585485745]