[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2732},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2725,"extension":2726,"meta":2727,"navigation":264,"path":2728,"seo":2729,"stem":2730,"__hash__":2731},"content\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python.md","How to Join Strings in Python",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2680},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,45,50,151,154,169,179,183,197,201,207,210,221,226,292,294,303,309,313,375,377,386,390,396,399,448,456,500,507,517,565,569,576,579,583,604,619,623,689,691,703,707,780,782,801,805,880,882,905,908,911,913,975,979,1035,1038,1122,1124,1142,1152,1156,1162,1169,1173,1233,1235,1244,1248,1307,1309,1328,1332,1417,1419,1428,1432,1491,1493,1511,1521,1525,1528,1534,1538,1618,1622,1693,1695,1719,1722,1729,1733,1736,1744,1747,1803,1806,1819,1822,1895,1902,1904,1946,1948,1994,1998,2000,2045,2047,2056,2058,2083,2090,2093,2152,2158,2161,2219,2223,2226,2244,2247,2259,2263,2266,2293,2296,2388,2391,2417,2421,2425,2431,2483,2487,2492,2497,2501,2508,2512,2515,2570,2574,2577,2638,2642,2676],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"how-to-join-strings-in-python",[14,15,16],"p",{},"If you want to combine text in Python, there are a few simple ways to do it.",[14,18,19],{},"On this page, you will learn:",[21,22,23,27,30,42],"ul",{},[24,25,26],"li",{},"How to join two or more strings into one string",[24,28,29],{},"How to add separators like spaces, commas, or dashes",[24,31,32,33,37,38,41],{},"When to use ",[34,35,36],"code",{},"+",", ",[34,39,40],{},"str.join()",", or f-strings",[24,43,44],{},"How to avoid common string joining errors",[46,47,49],"h2",{"id":48},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[51,52,57],"pre",{"className":53,"code":54,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n","python","",[34,58,59,109,137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61,64,68,72,76,80,84,86,89,92,95,97,99,101,104,106],"span",{"class":62,"line":63},"line",1,[60,65,67],{"class":66},"su5hD","words ",[60,69,71],{"class":70},"smGrS","=",[60,73,75],{"class":74},"sP7_E"," [",[60,77,79],{"class":78},"sjJ54","\"",[60,81,83],{"class":82},"s_sjI","Python",[60,85,79],{"class":78},[60,87,88],{"class":74},",",[60,90,91],{"class":78}," \"",[60,93,94],{"class":82},"is",[60,96,79],{"class":78},[60,98,88],{"class":74},[60,100,91],{"class":78},[60,102,103],{"class":82},"fun",[60,105,79],{"class":78},[60,107,108],{"class":74},"]\n",[60,110,112,115,117,119,121,124,128,131,134],{"class":62,"line":111},2,[60,113,114],{"class":66},"result ",[60,116,71],{"class":70},[60,118,91],{"class":78},[60,120,91],{"class":78},[60,122,123],{"class":74},".",[60,125,127],{"class":126},"slqww","join",[60,129,130],{"class":74},"(",[60,132,133],{"class":126},"words",[60,135,136],{"class":74},")\n",[60,138,140,144,146,149],{"class":62,"line":139},3,[60,141,143],{"class":142},"sptTA","print",[60,145,130],{"class":74},[60,147,148],{"class":126},"result",[60,150,136],{"class":74},[14,152,153],{},"Output:",[51,155,157],{"className":53,"code":156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is fun\n",[34,158,159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160,161,164,166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162,163],{"class":66},"Python ",[60,165,94],{"class":70},[60,167,168],{"class":66}," fun\n",[14,170,171,172,178],{},"Use ",[173,174,176],"a",{"href":175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[34,177,40],{}," when you want to combine many strings with a separator like a space, comma, or dash.",[46,180,182],{"id":181},"what-this-page-helps-you-do","What this page helps you do",[21,184,185,188,191,194],{},[24,186,187],{},"Join two or more strings into one string",[24,189,190],{},"Add a separator such as a space, comma, or dash",[24,192,193],{},"Choose the right method for simple and larger cases",[24,195,196],{},"Avoid common string joining errors",[46,198,200],{"id":199},"use-to-join-a-small-number-of-strings","Use + to join a small number of strings",[14,202,203,204,206],{},"The ",[34,205,36],{}," operator is the simplest way to join strings.",[14,208,209],{},"It is best when:",[21,211,212,215,218],{},[24,213,214],{},"You are joining just two or three strings",[24,216,217],{},"You want to learn the basic idea first",[24,219,220],{},"You do not mind adding separators yourself",[222,223,225],"h3",{"id":224},"example-join-two-strings","Example: join two strings",[51,227,229],{"className":53,"code":228,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\n\nresult = first + second\nprint(result)\n",[34,230,231,246,260,266,281],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,232,233,236,238,240,243],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,234,235],{"class":66},"first ",[60,237,71],{"class":70},[60,239,91],{"class":78},[60,241,242],{"class":82},"Hello",[60,244,245],{"class":78},"\"\n",[60,247,248,251,253,255,258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,249,250],{"class":66},"second ",[60,252,71],{"class":70},[60,254,91],{"class":78},[60,256,257],{"class":82},"World",[60,259,245],{"class":78},[60,261,262],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,263,265],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":264},true,"\n",[60,267,269,271,273,276,278],{"class":62,"line":268},4,[60,270,114],{"class":66},[60,272,71],{"class":70},[60,274,275],{"class":66}," first ",[60,277,36],{"class":70},[60,279,280],{"class":66}," second\n",[60,282,284,286,288,290],{"class":62,"line":283},5,[60,285,143],{"class":142},[60,287,130],{"class":74},[60,289,148],{"class":126},[60,291,136],{"class":74},[14,293,153],{},[51,295,297],{"className":53,"code":296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloWorld\n",[34,298,299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,300,301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,302,296],{"class":66},[14,304,305,306,308],{},"There is no space between the words because ",[34,307,36],{}," only combines the exact strings you give it.",[222,310,312],{"id":311},"example-add-a-space-yourself","Example: add a space yourself",[51,314,316],{"className":53,"code":315,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\n\nresult = first + \" \" + second\nprint(result)\n",[34,317,318,330,342,346,365],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,319,320,322,324,326,328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,321,235],{"class":66},[60,323,71],{"class":70},[60,325,91],{"class":78},[60,327,242],{"class":82},[60,329,245],{"class":78},[60,331,332,334,336,338,340],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,333,250],{"class":66},[60,335,71],{"class":70},[60,337,91],{"class":78},[60,339,257],{"class":82},[60,341,245],{"class":78},[60,343,344],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,345,265],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":264},[60,347,348,350,352,354,356,358,360,363],{"class":62,"line":268},[60,349,114],{"class":66},[60,351,71],{"class":70},[60,353,275],{"class":66},[60,355,36],{"class":70},[60,357,91],{"class":78},[60,359,91],{"class":78},[60,361,362],{"class":70}," +",[60,364,280],{"class":66},[60,366,367,369,371,373],{"class":62,"line":283},[60,368,143],{"class":142},[60,370,130],{"class":74},[60,372,148],{"class":126},[60,374,136],{"class":74},[14,376,153],{},[51,378,380],{"className":53,"code":379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello World\n",[34,381,382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,383,384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,385,379],{"class":66},[222,387,389],{"id":388},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,391,392,393,395],{},"Both sides of ",[34,394,36],{}," must be strings.",[14,397,398],{},"This works:",[51,400,402],{"className":53,"code":401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Sam\"\nmessage = \"Hello \" + name\nprint(message)\n",[34,403,404,418,437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,405,406,409,411,413,416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,407,408],{"class":66},"name ",[60,410,71],{"class":70},[60,412,91],{"class":78},[60,414,415],{"class":82},"Sam",[60,417,245],{"class":78},[60,419,420,423,425,427,430,432,434],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,421,422],{"class":66},"message ",[60,424,71],{"class":70},[60,426,91],{"class":78},[60,428,429],{"class":82},"Hello ",[60,431,79],{"class":78},[60,433,362],{"class":70},[60,435,436],{"class":66}," name\n",[60,438,439,441,443,446],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,440,143],{"class":142},[60,442,130],{"class":74},[60,444,445],{"class":126},"message",[60,447,136],{"class":74},[14,449,450,451,455],{},"This does ",[452,453,454],"strong",{},"not"," work:",[51,457,459],{"className":53,"code":458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + age\nprint(message)\n",[34,460,461,472,490],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,462,463,466,468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,464,465],{"class":66},"age ",[60,467,71],{"class":70},[60,469,471],{"class":470},"srdBf"," 25\n",[60,473,474,476,478,480,483,485,487],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,475,422],{"class":66},[60,477,71],{"class":70},[60,479,91],{"class":78},[60,481,482],{"class":82},"Age: ",[60,484,79],{"class":78},[60,486,362],{"class":70},[60,488,489],{"class":66}," age\n",[60,491,492,494,496,498],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,493,143],{"class":142},[60,495,130],{"class":74},[60,497,445],{"class":126},[60,499,136],{"class":74},[14,501,502,503,506],{},"That raises a ",[34,504,505],{},"TypeError"," because Python cannot add a string and an integer directly.",[14,508,509,510,516],{},"To fix it, convert the number first with ",[173,511,513],{"href":512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[34,514,515],{},"str()",":",[51,518,520],{"className":53,"code":519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\nprint(message)\n",[34,521,522,530,555],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,523,524,526,528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,525,465],{"class":66},[60,527,71],{"class":70},[60,529,471],{"class":470},[60,531,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,548,550,553],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,533,422],{"class":66},[60,535,71],{"class":70},[60,537,91],{"class":78},[60,539,482],{"class":82},[60,541,79],{"class":78},[60,543,362],{"class":70},[60,545,547],{"class":546},"sZMiF"," str",[60,549,130],{"class":74},[60,551,552],{"class":126},"age",[60,554,136],{"class":74},[60,556,557,559,561,563],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,558,143],{"class":142},[60,560,130],{"class":74},[60,562,445],{"class":126},[60,564,136],{"class":74},[46,566,568],{"id":567},"use-strjoin-to-join-many-strings","Use str.join() to join many strings",[14,570,171,571,575],{},[173,572,573],{"href":175},[34,574,40],{}," when you already have a list or tuple of strings.",[14,577,578],{},"This is the most common and useful way to join many strings.",[222,580,582],{"id":581},"basic-pattern","Basic pattern",[51,584,586],{"className":53,"code":585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"separator.join(items)\n",[34,587,588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,589,590,593,595,597,599,602],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,591,592],{"class":66},"separator",[60,594,123],{"class":74},[60,596,127],{"class":126},[60,598,130],{"class":74},[60,600,601],{"class":126},"items",[60,603,136],{"class":74},[21,605,606,611,616],{},[24,607,608,610],{},[34,609,592],{}," is the text you want between each item",[24,612,613,615],{},[34,614,601],{}," is a list or tuple of strings",[24,617,618],{},"The result is one new string",[222,620,622],{"id":621},"example-join-with-spaces","Example: join with spaces",[51,624,625],{"className":53,"code":54,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[34,626,627,659,679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,628,629,631,633,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,630,67],{"class":66},[60,632,71],{"class":70},[60,634,75],{"class":74},[60,636,79],{"class":78},[60,638,83],{"class":82},[60,640,79],{"class":78},[60,642,88],{"class":74},[60,644,91],{"class":78},[60,646,94],{"class":82},[60,648,79],{"class":78},[60,650,88],{"class":74},[60,652,91],{"class":78},[60,654,103],{"class":82},[60,656,79],{"class":78},[60,658,108],{"class":74},[60,660,661,663,665,667,669,671,673,675,677],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,662,114],{"class":66},[60,664,71],{"class":70},[60,666,91],{"class":78},[60,668,91],{"class":78},[60,670,123],{"class":74},[60,672,127],{"class":126},[60,674,130],{"class":74},[60,676,133],{"class":126},[60,678,136],{"class":74},[60,680,681,683,685,687],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,682,143],{"class":142},[60,684,130],{"class":74},[60,686,148],{"class":126},[60,688,136],{"class":74},[14,690,153],{},[51,692,693],{"className":53,"code":156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[34,694,695],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,696,697,699,701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,698,163],{"class":66},[60,700,94],{"class":70},[60,702,168],{"class":66},[222,704,706],{"id":705},"example-join-with-commas","Example: join with commas",[51,708,710],{"className":53,"code":709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\nprint(result)\n",[34,711,712,748,770],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,713,714,717,719,721,723,726,728,730,732,735,737,739,741,744,746],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,715,716],{"class":66},"items ",[60,718,71],{"class":70},[60,720,75],{"class":74},[60,722,79],{"class":78},[60,724,725],{"class":82},"apple",[60,727,79],{"class":78},[60,729,88],{"class":74},[60,731,91],{"class":78},[60,733,734],{"class":82},"banana",[60,736,79],{"class":78},[60,738,88],{"class":74},[60,740,91],{"class":78},[60,742,743],{"class":82},"orange",[60,745,79],{"class":78},[60,747,108],{"class":74},[60,749,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766,768],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,751,114],{"class":66},[60,753,71],{"class":70},[60,755,91],{"class":78},[60,757,37],{"class":82},[60,759,79],{"class":78},[60,761,123],{"class":74},[60,763,127],{"class":126},[60,765,130],{"class":74},[60,767,601],{"class":126},[60,769,136],{"class":74},[60,771,772,774,776,778],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,773,143],{"class":142},[60,775,130],{"class":74},[60,777,148],{"class":126},[60,779,136],{"class":74},[14,781,153],{},[51,783,785],{"className":53,"code":784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple, banana, orange\n",[34,786,787],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,788,789,791,793,796,798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,790,725],{"class":66},[60,792,88],{"class":74},[60,794,795],{"class":66}," banana",[60,797,88],{"class":74},[60,799,800],{"class":66}," orange\n",[222,802,804],{"id":803},"example-join-with-dashes","Example: join with dashes",[51,806,808],{"className":53,"code":807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = [\"2026\", \"04\", \"22\"]\nresult = \"-\".join(parts)\nprint(result)\n",[34,809,810,846,870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,811,812,815,817,819,821,824,826,828,830,833,835,837,839,842,844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,813,814],{"class":66},"parts ",[60,816,71],{"class":70},[60,818,75],{"class":74},[60,820,79],{"class":78},[60,822,823],{"class":82},"2026",[60,825,79],{"class":78},[60,827,88],{"class":74},[60,829,91],{"class":78},[60,831,832],{"class":82},"04",[60,834,79],{"class":78},[60,836,88],{"class":74},[60,838,91],{"class":78},[60,840,841],{"class":82},"22",[60,843,79],{"class":78},[60,845,108],{"class":74},[60,847,848,850,852,854,857,859,861,863,865,868],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,849,114],{"class":66},[60,851,71],{"class":70},[60,853,91],{"class":78},[60,855,856],{"class":82},"-",[60,858,79],{"class":78},[60,860,123],{"class":74},[60,862,127],{"class":126},[60,864,130],{"class":74},[60,866,867],{"class":126},"parts",[60,869,136],{"class":74},[60,871,872,874,876,878],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,873,143],{"class":142},[60,875,130],{"class":74},[60,877,148],{"class":126},[60,879,136],{"class":74},[14,881,153],{},[51,883,885],{"className":53,"code":884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2026-04-22\n",[34,886,887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,888,889,891,893,896,900,902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,890,823],{"class":470},[60,892,856],{"class":70},[60,894,895],{"class":470},"0",[60,897,899],{"class":898},"sx12J","4",[60,901,856],{"class":70},[60,903,904],{"class":470},"22\n",[222,906,389],{"id":907},"important-rule-1",[14,909,910],{},"All items must be strings.",[14,912,398],{},[51,914,916],{"className":53,"code":915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(\", \".join(items))\n",[34,917,918,952],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,919,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,939,941,943,945,948,950],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,921,716],{"class":66},[60,923,71],{"class":70},[60,925,75],{"class":74},[60,927,79],{"class":78},[60,929,173],{"class":82},[60,931,79],{"class":78},[60,933,88],{"class":74},[60,935,91],{"class":78},[60,937,938],{"class":82},"b",[60,940,79],{"class":78},[60,942,88],{"class":74},[60,944,91],{"class":78},[60,946,947],{"class":82},"c",[60,949,79],{"class":78},[60,951,108],{"class":74},[60,953,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968,970,972],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,955,143],{"class":142},[60,957,130],{"class":74},[60,959,79],{"class":78},[60,961,37],{"class":82},[60,963,79],{"class":78},[60,965,123],{"class":74},[60,967,127],{"class":126},[60,969,130],{"class":74},[60,971,601],{"class":126},[60,973,974],{"class":74},"))\n",[14,976,450,977,455],{},[452,978,454],{},[51,980,982],{"className":53,"code":981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\", \".join(items))\n",[34,983,984,1013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,985,986,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,987,716],{"class":66},[60,989,71],{"class":70},[60,991,75],{"class":74},[60,993,79],{"class":78},[60,995,173],{"class":82},[60,997,79],{"class":78},[60,999,88],{"class":74},[60,1001,1002],{"class":470}," 2",[60,1004,88],{"class":74},[60,1006,91],{"class":78},[60,1008,947],{"class":82},[60,1010,79],{"class":78},[60,1012,108],{"class":74},[60,1014,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1016,143],{"class":142},[60,1018,130],{"class":74},[60,1020,79],{"class":78},[60,1022,37],{"class":82},[60,1024,79],{"class":78},[60,1026,123],{"class":74},[60,1028,127],{"class":126},[60,1030,130],{"class":74},[60,1032,601],{"class":126},[60,1034,974],{"class":74},[14,1036,1037],{},"If your list contains numbers, convert them first:",[51,1039,1041],{"className":53,"code":1040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join([str(n) for n in numbers])\nprint(result)\n",[34,1042,1043,1066,1112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1044,1045,1048,1050,1052,1055,1057,1059,1061,1064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1046,1047],{"class":66},"numbers ",[60,1049,71],{"class":70},[60,1051,75],{"class":74},[60,1053,1054],{"class":470},"1",[60,1056,88],{"class":74},[60,1058,1002],{"class":470},[60,1060,88],{"class":74},[60,1062,1063],{"class":470}," 3",[60,1065,108],{"class":74},[60,1067,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1085,1088,1090,1093,1096,1100,1103,1106,1109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1069,114],{"class":66},[60,1071,71],{"class":70},[60,1073,91],{"class":78},[60,1075,37],{"class":82},[60,1077,79],{"class":78},[60,1079,123],{"class":74},[60,1081,127],{"class":126},[60,1083,1084],{"class":74},"([",[60,1086,1087],{"class":546},"str",[60,1089,130],{"class":74},[60,1091,1092],{"class":126},"n",[60,1094,1095],{"class":74},")",[60,1097,1099],{"class":1098},"sVHd0"," for",[60,1101,1102],{"class":126}," n ",[60,1104,1105],{"class":1098},"in",[60,1107,1108],{"class":126}," numbers",[60,1110,1111],{"class":74},"])\n",[60,1113,1114,1116,1118,1120],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1115,143],{"class":142},[60,1117,130],{"class":74},[60,1119,148],{"class":126},[60,1121,136],{"class":74},[14,1123,153],{},[51,1125,1127],{"className":53,"code":1126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1, 2, 3\n",[34,1128,1129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1130,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1132,1054],{"class":470},[60,1134,88],{"class":74},[60,1136,1002],{"class":470},[60,1138,88],{"class":74},[60,1140,1141],{"class":470}," 3\n",[14,1143,1144,1145,123],{},"If you need help with this error, see ",[173,1146,1148,1149],{"href":1147},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[34,1150,1151],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[46,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"how-separators-work","How separators work",[14,1157,1158,1159,123],{},"The separator is the string before ",[34,1160,1161],{},".join()",[14,1163,1164,1165,1168],{},"Python places that separator ",[452,1166,1167],{},"between"," items, not after the last item.",[222,1170,1172],{"id":1171},"space-separator","Space separator",[51,1174,1176],{"className":53,"code":1175,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[34,1177,1178,1213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1179,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1191,1193,1195,1197,1200,1202,1204,1206,1209,1211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1181,716],{"class":66},[60,1183,71],{"class":70},[60,1185,75],{"class":74},[60,1187,79],{"class":78},[60,1189,1190],{"class":82},"red",[60,1192,79],{"class":78},[60,1194,88],{"class":74},[60,1196,91],{"class":78},[60,1198,1199],{"class":82},"green",[60,1201,79],{"class":78},[60,1203,88],{"class":74},[60,1205,91],{"class":78},[60,1207,1208],{"class":82},"blue",[60,1210,79],{"class":78},[60,1212,108],{"class":74},[60,1214,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1216,143],{"class":142},[60,1218,130],{"class":74},[60,1220,79],{"class":78},[60,1222,91],{"class":78},[60,1224,123],{"class":74},[60,1226,127],{"class":126},[60,1228,130],{"class":74},[60,1230,601],{"class":126},[60,1232,974],{"class":74},[14,1234,153],{},[51,1236,1238],{"className":53,"code":1237,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red green blue\n",[34,1239,1240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1241,1242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1243,1237],{"class":66},[222,1245,1247],{"id":1246},"comma-and-space-separator","Comma and space separator",[51,1249,1251],{"className":53,"code":1250,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(\", \".join(items))\n",[34,1252,1253,1285],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1254,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1256,716],{"class":66},[60,1258,71],{"class":70},[60,1260,75],{"class":74},[60,1262,79],{"class":78},[60,1264,1190],{"class":82},[60,1266,79],{"class":78},[60,1268,88],{"class":74},[60,1270,91],{"class":78},[60,1272,1199],{"class":82},[60,1274,79],{"class":78},[60,1276,88],{"class":74},[60,1278,91],{"class":78},[60,1280,1208],{"class":82},[60,1282,79],{"class":78},[60,1284,108],{"class":74},[60,1286,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1288,143],{"class":142},[60,1290,130],{"class":74},[60,1292,79],{"class":78},[60,1294,37],{"class":82},[60,1296,79],{"class":78},[60,1298,123],{"class":74},[60,1300,127],{"class":126},[60,1302,130],{"class":74},[60,1304,601],{"class":126},[60,1306,974],{"class":74},[14,1308,153],{},[51,1310,1312],{"className":53,"code":1311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, green, blue\n",[34,1313,1314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1315,1316,1318,1320,1323,1325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1317,1190],{"class":66},[60,1319,88],{"class":74},[60,1321,1322],{"class":66}," green",[60,1324,88],{"class":74},[60,1326,1327],{"class":66}," blue\n",[222,1329,1331],{"id":1330},"no-separator","No separator",[51,1333,1335],{"className":53,"code":1334,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(items))\n",[34,1336,1337,1398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1338,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1350,1352,1354,1356,1359,1361,1363,1365,1368,1370,1372,1374,1377,1379,1381,1383,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1340,716],{"class":66},[60,1342,71],{"class":70},[60,1344,75],{"class":74},[60,1346,79],{"class":78},[60,1348,1349],{"class":82},"P",[60,1351,79],{"class":78},[60,1353,88],{"class":74},[60,1355,91],{"class":78},[60,1357,1358],{"class":82},"y",[60,1360,79],{"class":78},[60,1362,88],{"class":74},[60,1364,91],{"class":78},[60,1366,1367],{"class":82},"t",[60,1369,79],{"class":78},[60,1371,88],{"class":74},[60,1373,91],{"class":78},[60,1375,1376],{"class":82},"h",[60,1378,79],{"class":78},[60,1380,88],{"class":74},[60,1382,91],{"class":78},[60,1384,1385],{"class":82},"o",[60,1387,79],{"class":78},[60,1389,88],{"class":74},[60,1391,91],{"class":78},[60,1393,1092],{"class":82},[60,1395,79],{"class":78},[60,1397,108],{"class":74},[60,1399,1400,1402,1404,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1401,143],{"class":142},[60,1403,130],{"class":74},[60,1405,1406],{"class":78},"\"\"",[60,1408,123],{"class":74},[60,1410,127],{"class":126},[60,1412,130],{"class":74},[60,1414,601],{"class":126},[60,1416,974],{"class":74},[14,1418,153],{},[51,1420,1422],{"className":53,"code":1421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python\n",[34,1423,1424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1425,1426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1427,1421],{"class":66},[222,1429,1431],{"id":1430},"no-extra-separator-at-the-end","No extra separator at the end",[51,1433,1435],{"className":53,"code":1434,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(items))\n",[34,1436,1437,1469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1438,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1440,716],{"class":66},[60,1442,71],{"class":70},[60,1444,75],{"class":74},[60,1446,79],{"class":78},[60,1448,173],{"class":82},[60,1450,79],{"class":78},[60,1452,88],{"class":74},[60,1454,91],{"class":78},[60,1456,938],{"class":82},[60,1458,79],{"class":78},[60,1460,88],{"class":74},[60,1462,91],{"class":78},[60,1464,947],{"class":82},[60,1466,79],{"class":78},[60,1468,108],{"class":74},[60,1470,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1472,143],{"class":142},[60,1474,130],{"class":74},[60,1476,79],{"class":78},[60,1478,856],{"class":82},[60,1480,79],{"class":78},[60,1482,123],{"class":74},[60,1484,127],{"class":126},[60,1486,130],{"class":74},[60,1488,601],{"class":126},[60,1490,974],{"class":74},[14,1492,153],{},[51,1494,1496],{"className":53,"code":1495,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a-b-c\n",[34,1497,1498],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1499,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1501,173],{"class":66},[60,1503,856],{"class":70},[60,1505,938],{"class":66},[60,1507,856],{"class":70},[60,1509,1510],{"class":66},"c\n",[14,1512,1513,1514,1517,1518,123],{},"Notice that the result is ",[34,1515,1516],{},"a-b-c",", not ",[34,1519,1520],{},"a-b-c-",[46,1522,1524],{"id":1523},"when-to-use-f-strings-instead","When to use f-strings instead",[14,1526,1527],{},"Use f-strings when you want to build a sentence with variables.",[14,1529,1530,1531,1533],{},"They are often easier to read than many ",[34,1532,36],{}," operators, especially when mixing text and numbers.",[222,1535,1537],{"id":1536},"example-using","Example: using +",[51,1539,1541],{"className":53,"code":1540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nscore = 95\n\nmessage = \"Student: \" + name + \", Score: \" + str(score)\nprint(message)\n",[34,1542,1543,1556,1566,1570,1608],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1544,1545,1547,1549,1551,1554],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1546,408],{"class":66},[60,1548,71],{"class":70},[60,1550,91],{"class":78},[60,1552,1553],{"class":82},"Maya",[60,1555,245],{"class":78},[60,1557,1558,1561,1563],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1559,1560],{"class":66},"score ",[60,1562,71],{"class":70},[60,1564,1565],{"class":470}," 95\n",[60,1567,1568],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1569,265],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":264},[60,1571,1572,1574,1576,1578,1581,1583,1585,1588,1590,1592,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1606],{"class":62,"line":268},[60,1573,422],{"class":66},[60,1575,71],{"class":70},[60,1577,91],{"class":78},[60,1579,1580],{"class":82},"Student: ",[60,1582,79],{"class":78},[60,1584,362],{"class":70},[60,1586,1587],{"class":66}," name ",[60,1589,36],{"class":70},[60,1591,91],{"class":78},[60,1593,1594],{"class":82},", Score: ",[60,1596,79],{"class":78},[60,1598,362],{"class":70},[60,1600,547],{"class":546},[60,1602,130],{"class":74},[60,1604,1605],{"class":126},"score",[60,1607,136],{"class":74},[60,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616],{"class":62,"line":283},[60,1611,143],{"class":142},[60,1613,130],{"class":74},[60,1615,445],{"class":126},[60,1617,136],{"class":74},[222,1619,1621],{"id":1620},"example-using-an-f-string","Example: using an f-string",[51,1623,1625],{"className":53,"code":1624,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nscore = 95\n\nmessage = f\"Student: {name}, Score: {score}\"\nprint(message)\n",[34,1626,1627,1639,1647,1651,1683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1628,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1630,408],{"class":66},[60,1632,71],{"class":70},[60,1634,91],{"class":78},[60,1636,1553],{"class":82},[60,1638,245],{"class":78},[60,1640,1641,1643,1645],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1642,1560],{"class":66},[60,1644,71],{"class":70},[60,1646,1565],{"class":470},[60,1648,1649],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1650,265],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":264},[60,1652,1653,1655,1657,1661,1664,1667,1670,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681],{"class":62,"line":268},[60,1654,422],{"class":66},[60,1656,71],{"class":70},[60,1658,1660],{"class":1659},"sbsja"," f",[60,1662,1663],{"class":82},"\"Student: ",[60,1665,1666],{"class":470},"{",[60,1668,1669],{"class":66},"name",[60,1671,1672],{"class":470},"}",[60,1674,1594],{"class":82},[60,1676,1666],{"class":470},[60,1678,1605],{"class":66},[60,1680,1672],{"class":470},[60,1682,245],{"class":82},[60,1684,1685,1687,1689,1691],{"class":62,"line":283},[60,1686,143],{"class":142},[60,1688,130],{"class":74},[60,1690,445],{"class":126},[60,1692,136],{"class":74},[14,1694,153],{},[51,1696,1698],{"className":53,"code":1697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Student: Maya, Score: 95\n",[34,1699,1700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1701,1702,1705,1707,1710,1712,1715,1717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1703,1704],{"class":66},"Student",[60,1706,516],{"class":74},[60,1708,1709],{"class":66}," Maya",[60,1711,88],{"class":74},[60,1713,1714],{"class":66}," Score",[60,1716,516],{"class":74},[60,1718,1565],{"class":470},[14,1720,1721],{},"F-strings are a good choice for formatted output and readable sentences.",[14,1723,1724,1725,123],{},"If you want to learn more, see ",[173,1726,1728],{"href":1727},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[46,1730,1732],{"id":1731},"common-errors-when-joining-strings","Common errors when joining strings",[14,1734,1735],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners run into.",[222,1737,1739,1740,1743],{"id":1738},"_1-join-gets-non-string-items","1. ",[34,1741,1742],{},"join()"," gets non-string items",[14,1745,1746],{},"Problem:",[51,1748,1750],{"className":53,"code":1749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 1, \"b\"]\nprint(\", \".join(items))\n",[34,1751,1752,1781],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1753,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1771,1773,1775,1777,1779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1755,716],{"class":66},[60,1757,71],{"class":70},[60,1759,75],{"class":74},[60,1761,79],{"class":78},[60,1763,173],{"class":82},[60,1765,79],{"class":78},[60,1767,88],{"class":74},[60,1769,1770],{"class":470}," 1",[60,1772,88],{"class":74},[60,1774,91],{"class":78},[60,1776,938],{"class":82},[60,1778,79],{"class":78},[60,1780,108],{"class":74},[60,1782,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1795,1797,1799,1801],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1784,143],{"class":142},[60,1786,130],{"class":74},[60,1788,79],{"class":78},[60,1790,37],{"class":82},[60,1792,79],{"class":78},[60,1794,123],{"class":74},[60,1796,127],{"class":126},[60,1798,130],{"class":74},[60,1800,601],{"class":126},[60,1802,974],{"class":74},[14,1804,1805],{},"Why it happens:",[21,1807,1808,1813],{},[24,1809,1810,1812],{},[34,1811,1742],{}," only accepts strings",[24,1814,1815,1816,1818],{},"The integer ",[34,1817,1054],{}," is not a string",[14,1820,1821],{},"Fix:",[51,1823,1825],{"className":53,"code":1824,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 1, \"b\"]\nprint(\", \".join([str(item) for item in items]))\n",[34,1826,1827,1855],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1828,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1830,716],{"class":66},[60,1832,71],{"class":70},[60,1834,75],{"class":74},[60,1836,79],{"class":78},[60,1838,173],{"class":82},[60,1840,79],{"class":78},[60,1842,88],{"class":74},[60,1844,1770],{"class":470},[60,1846,88],{"class":74},[60,1848,91],{"class":78},[60,1850,938],{"class":82},[60,1852,79],{"class":78},[60,1854,108],{"class":74},[60,1856,1857,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877,1880,1882,1884,1887,1889,1892],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1858,143],{"class":142},[60,1860,130],{"class":74},[60,1862,79],{"class":78},[60,1864,37],{"class":82},[60,1866,79],{"class":78},[60,1868,123],{"class":74},[60,1870,127],{"class":126},[60,1872,1084],{"class":74},[60,1874,1087],{"class":546},[60,1876,130],{"class":74},[60,1878,1879],{"class":126},"item",[60,1881,1095],{"class":74},[60,1883,1099],{"class":1098},[60,1885,1886],{"class":126}," item ",[60,1888,1105],{"class":1098},[60,1890,1891],{"class":126}," items",[60,1893,1894],{"class":74},"]))\n",[222,1896,1898,1899,1901],{"id":1897},"_2-using-with-a-string-and-integer","2. Using ",[34,1900,36],{}," with a string and integer",[14,1903,1746],{},[51,1905,1907],{"className":53,"code":1906,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"count = 3\nmessage = \"Count: \" + count\nprint(message)\n",[34,1908,1909,1918,1936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1910,1911,1914,1916],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1912,1913],{"class":66},"count ",[60,1915,71],{"class":70},[60,1917,1141],{"class":470},[60,1919,1920,1922,1924,1926,1929,1931,1933],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1921,422],{"class":66},[60,1923,71],{"class":70},[60,1925,91],{"class":78},[60,1927,1928],{"class":82},"Count: ",[60,1930,79],{"class":78},[60,1932,362],{"class":70},[60,1934,1935],{"class":66}," count\n",[60,1937,1938,1940,1942,1944],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1939,143],{"class":142},[60,1941,130],{"class":74},[60,1943,445],{"class":126},[60,1945,136],{"class":74},[14,1947,1821],{},[51,1949,1951],{"className":53,"code":1950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"count = 3\nmessage = \"Count: \" + str(count)\nprint(message)\n",[34,1952,1953,1961,1984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1954,1955,1957,1959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1956,1913],{"class":66},[60,1958,71],{"class":70},[60,1960,1141],{"class":470},[60,1962,1963,1965,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977,1979,1982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1964,422],{"class":66},[60,1966,71],{"class":70},[60,1968,91],{"class":78},[60,1970,1928],{"class":82},[60,1972,79],{"class":78},[60,1974,362],{"class":70},[60,1976,547],{"class":546},[60,1978,130],{"class":74},[60,1980,1981],{"class":126},"count",[60,1983,136],{"class":74},[60,1985,1986,1988,1990,1992],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1987,143],{"class":142},[60,1989,130],{"class":74},[60,1991,445],{"class":126},[60,1993,136],{"class":74},[222,1995,1997],{"id":1996},"_3-forgetting-separators","3. Forgetting separators",[14,1999,1746],{},[51,2001,2003],{"className":53,"code":2002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"first = \"Python\"\nsecond = \"Beginner\"\nprint(first + second)\n",[34,2004,2005,2017,2030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2006,2007,2009,2011,2013,2015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2008,235],{"class":66},[60,2010,71],{"class":70},[60,2012,91],{"class":78},[60,2014,83],{"class":82},[60,2016,245],{"class":78},[60,2018,2019,2021,2023,2025,2028],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2020,250],{"class":66},[60,2022,71],{"class":70},[60,2024,91],{"class":78},[60,2026,2027],{"class":82},"Beginner",[60,2029,245],{"class":78},[60,2031,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2043],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2033,143],{"class":142},[60,2035,130],{"class":74},[60,2037,235],{"class":126},[60,2039,36],{"class":70},[60,2041,2042],{"class":126}," second",[60,2044,136],{"class":74},[14,2046,153],{},[51,2048,2050],{"className":53,"code":2049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"PythonBeginner\n",[34,2051,2052],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2053,2054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2055,2049],{"class":66},[14,2057,1821],{},[51,2059,2061],{"className":53,"code":2060,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(first + \" \" + second)\n",[34,2062,2063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2064,2065,2067,2069,2071,2073,2075,2077,2079,2081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2066,143],{"class":142},[60,2068,130],{"class":74},[60,2070,235],{"class":126},[60,2072,36],{"class":70},[60,2074,91],{"class":78},[60,2076,91],{"class":78},[60,2078,362],{"class":70},[60,2080,2042],{"class":126},[60,2082,136],{"class":74},[222,2084,2086,2087,2089],{"id":2085},"_4-calling-join-on-the-wrong-thing","4. Calling ",[34,2088,1742],{}," on the wrong thing",[14,2091,2092],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[51,2094,2096],{"className":53,"code":2095,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(items.join(\", \"))\n",[34,2097,2098,2130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2099,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2101,716],{"class":66},[60,2103,71],{"class":70},[60,2105,75],{"class":74},[60,2107,79],{"class":78},[60,2109,173],{"class":82},[60,2111,79],{"class":78},[60,2113,88],{"class":74},[60,2115,91],{"class":78},[60,2117,938],{"class":82},[60,2119,79],{"class":78},[60,2121,88],{"class":74},[60,2123,91],{"class":78},[60,2125,947],{"class":82},[60,2127,79],{"class":78},[60,2129,108],{"class":74},[60,2131,2132,2134,2136,2138,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148,2150],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2133,143],{"class":142},[60,2135,130],{"class":74},[60,2137,601],{"class":126},[60,2139,123],{"class":74},[60,2141,127],{"class":126},[60,2143,130],{"class":74},[60,2145,79],{"class":78},[60,2147,37],{"class":82},[60,2149,79],{"class":78},[60,2151,974],{"class":74},[14,2153,2154,2155,2157],{},"This does not work because ",[34,2156,1742],{}," is a string method.",[14,2159,2160],{},"Correct version:",[51,2162,2163],{"className":53,"code":915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[34,2164,2165,2197],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2166,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2168,716],{"class":66},[60,2170,71],{"class":70},[60,2172,75],{"class":74},[60,2174,79],{"class":78},[60,2176,173],{"class":82},[60,2178,79],{"class":78},[60,2180,88],{"class":74},[60,2182,91],{"class":78},[60,2184,938],{"class":82},[60,2186,79],{"class":78},[60,2188,88],{"class":74},[60,2190,91],{"class":78},[60,2192,947],{"class":82},[60,2194,79],{"class":78},[60,2196,108],{"class":74},[60,2198,2199,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2200,143],{"class":142},[60,2202,130],{"class":74},[60,2204,79],{"class":78},[60,2206,37],{"class":82},[60,2208,79],{"class":78},[60,2210,123],{"class":74},[60,2212,127],{"class":126},[60,2214,130],{"class":74},[60,2216,601],{"class":126},[60,2218,974],{"class":74},[46,2220,2222],{"id":2221},"simple-rule-for-beginners","Simple rule for beginners",[14,2224,2225],{},"A good rule is:",[21,2227,2228,2233,2238,2241],{},[24,2229,171,2230,2232],{},[34,2231,36],{}," for very small string combinations",[24,2234,171,2235,2237],{},[34,2236,1742],{}," for lists of strings",[24,2239,2240],{},"Use f-strings when inserting variables into text",[24,2242,2243],{},"Convert numbers first when needed",[14,2245,2246],{},"If you remember just one thing, remember this:",[21,2248,2249,2254],{},[24,2250,2251,2253],{},[34,2252,36],{}," is fine for a few strings",[24,2255,2256,2258],{},[34,2257,1742],{}," is best for many strings in a list",[46,2260,2262],{"id":2261},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,2264,2265],{},"These are the most common causes of string joining problems:",[21,2267,2268,2271,2277,2287],{},[24,2269,2270],{},"Trying to join a list that contains integers or other non-string values",[24,2272,2273,2274,2276],{},"Using ",[34,2275,36],{}," with a string and an integer",[24,2278,2279,2280,2283,2284],{},"Writing ",[34,2281,2282],{},"items.join(\",\")"," instead of ",[34,2285,2286],{},"\",\".join(items)",[24,2288,2289,2290,2292],{},"Expecting ",[34,2291,1742],{}," to add a separator at the end",[14,2294,2295],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,2297,2299],{"className":53,"code":2298,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(', '.join([str(item) for item in items]))\n",[34,2300,2301,2317,2327,2351],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2302,2303,2305,2307,2310,2312,2315],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2304,143],{"class":142},[60,2306,130],{"class":74},[60,2308,2309],{"class":546},"type",[60,2311,130],{"class":74},[60,2313,2314],{"class":126},"value",[60,2316,974],{"class":74},[60,2318,2319,2321,2323,2325],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2320,143],{"class":142},[60,2322,130],{"class":74},[60,2324,601],{"class":126},[60,2326,136],{"class":74},[60,2328,2329,2331,2333,2335,2337,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2330,143],{"class":142},[60,2332,1084],{"class":74},[60,2334,2309],{"class":546},[60,2336,130],{"class":74},[60,2338,1879],{"class":126},[60,2340,1095],{"class":74},[60,2342,1099],{"class":1098},[60,2344,1886],{"class":126},[60,2346,1105],{"class":1098},[60,2348,1891],{"class":126},[60,2350,1111],{"class":74},[60,2352,2353,2355,2357,2360,2362,2364,2366,2368,2370,2372,2374,2376,2378,2380,2382,2384,2386],{"class":62,"line":268},[60,2354,143],{"class":142},[60,2356,130],{"class":74},[60,2358,2359],{"class":78},"'",[60,2361,37],{"class":82},[60,2363,2359],{"class":78},[60,2365,123],{"class":74},[60,2367,127],{"class":126},[60,2369,1084],{"class":74},[60,2371,1087],{"class":546},[60,2373,130],{"class":74},[60,2375,1879],{"class":126},[60,2377,1095],{"class":74},[60,2379,1099],{"class":1098},[60,2381,1886],{"class":126},[60,2383,1105],{"class":1098},[60,2385,1891],{"class":126},[60,2387,1894],{"class":74},[14,2389,2390],{},"What these help you check:",[21,2392,2393,2399,2405,2411],{},[24,2394,2395,2398],{},[34,2396,2397],{},"print(type(value))"," shows what type a variable really is",[24,2400,2401,2404],{},[34,2402,2403],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual list contents",[24,2406,2407,2410],{},[34,2408,2409],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," helps you find non-string items",[24,2412,2413,2416],{},[34,2414,2415],{},"print(', '.join([str(item) for item in items]))"," tests a safe conversion to strings",[46,2418,2420],{"id":2419},"faq","FAQ",[222,2422,2424],{"id":2423},"how-do-i-join-a-list-of-strings-in-python","How do I join a list of strings in Python?",[14,2426,171,2427,2430],{},[34,2428,2429],{},"string.join()",", such as:",[51,2432,2434],{"className":53,"code":2433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [\"Learn\", \"Python\"]\nprint(\" \".join(my_list))\n",[34,2435,2436,2462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2437,2438,2441,2443,2445,2447,2450,2452,2454,2456,2458,2460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2439,2440],{"class":66},"my_list ",[60,2442,71],{"class":70},[60,2444,75],{"class":74},[60,2446,79],{"class":78},[60,2448,2449],{"class":82},"Learn",[60,2451,79],{"class":78},[60,2453,88],{"class":74},[60,2455,91],{"class":78},[60,2457,83],{"class":82},[60,2459,79],{"class":78},[60,2461,108],{"class":74},[60,2463,2464,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2481],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2465,143],{"class":142},[60,2467,130],{"class":74},[60,2469,79],{"class":78},[60,2471,91],{"class":78},[60,2473,123],{"class":74},[60,2475,127],{"class":126},[60,2477,130],{"class":74},[60,2479,2480],{"class":126},"my_list",[60,2482,974],{"class":74},[222,2484,2486],{"id":2485},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-join","What is the difference between + and join()?",[14,2488,2489,2491],{},[34,2490,36],{}," is fine for a small number of strings.",[14,2493,2494,2496],{},[34,2495,1742],{}," is better when you want to combine many strings from a list or tuple.",[222,2498,2500],{"id":2499},"why-does-join-give-a-typeerror","Why does join() give a TypeError?",[14,2502,2503,2505,2506,123],{},[34,2504,1742],{}," only works with strings. Convert numbers or other values first using ",[34,2507,515],{},[222,2509,2511],{"id":2510},"how-do-i-join-strings-without-spaces","How do I join strings without spaces?",[14,2513,2514],{},"Use an empty separator:",[51,2516,2518],{"className":53,"code":2517,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(\"\".join(items))\n",[34,2519,2520,2552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2521,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2546,2548,2550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2523,716],{"class":66},[60,2525,71],{"class":70},[60,2527,75],{"class":74},[60,2529,79],{"class":78},[60,2531,173],{"class":82},[60,2533,79],{"class":78},[60,2535,88],{"class":74},[60,2537,91],{"class":78},[60,2539,938],{"class":82},[60,2541,79],{"class":78},[60,2543,88],{"class":74},[60,2545,91],{"class":78},[60,2547,947],{"class":82},[60,2549,79],{"class":78},[60,2551,108],{"class":74},[60,2553,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2555,143],{"class":142},[60,2557,130],{"class":74},[60,2559,1406],{"class":78},[60,2561,123],{"class":74},[60,2563,127],{"class":126},[60,2565,130],{"class":74},[60,2567,601],{"class":126},[60,2569,974],{"class":74},[222,2571,2573],{"id":2572},"can-i-join-numbers-with-join","Can I join numbers with join()?",[14,2575,2576],{},"Not directly. Convert them first:",[51,2578,2580],{"className":53,"code":2579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join([str(n) for n in numbers]))\n",[34,2581,2582,2602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2583,2584,2586,2588,2590,2592,2594,2596,2598,2600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2585,1047],{"class":66},[60,2587,71],{"class":70},[60,2589,75],{"class":74},[60,2591,1054],{"class":470},[60,2593,88],{"class":74},[60,2595,1002],{"class":470},[60,2597,88],{"class":74},[60,2599,1063],{"class":470},[60,2601,108],{"class":74},[60,2603,2604,2606,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632,2634,2636],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2605,143],{"class":142},[60,2607,130],{"class":74},[60,2609,79],{"class":78},[60,2611,37],{"class":82},[60,2613,79],{"class":78},[60,2615,123],{"class":74},[60,2617,127],{"class":126},[60,2619,1084],{"class":74},[60,2621,1087],{"class":546},[60,2623,130],{"class":74},[60,2625,1092],{"class":126},[60,2627,1095],{"class":74},[60,2629,1099],{"class":1098},[60,2631,1102],{"class":126},[60,2633,1105],{"class":1098},[60,2635,1108],{"class":126},[60,2637,1894],{"class":74},[46,2639,2641],{"id":2640},"see-also","See also",[21,2643,2644,2651,2657,2662,2669],{},[24,2645,2646],{},[173,2647,163,2648,2650],{"href":175},[34,2649,40],{}," method",[24,2652,2653],{},[173,2654,2656],{"href":2655},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","How to split a string in Python",[24,2658,2659],{},[173,2660,2661],{"href":1727},"How to format strings in Python",[24,2663,2664],{},[173,2665,163,2666,2668],{"href":512},[34,2667,515],{}," function explained",[24,2670,2671],{},[173,2672,2673,2674],{"href":1147},"Fix ",[34,2675,1151],{},[2677,2678,2679],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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